American Foundations – Study Guide #4Stage III – Great Depression, New Deal, 1930’s Great Depression: an immense tragedy that placed millions of Americans out of work, was the beginning of government involvement in the economy and in society as a whole. 1929 -- early 19401st New Deal: The set of programs and policies designed to promote economic recovery and social reform introduced during the 1930s by President Franklin D. Roosevelt2nd New Deal: 1935-1938/legislation relied more heavily on the Keynesian style of deficit spending than the First New Deal did Breadlines: /line of men standing in line waiting to receive free food distributed by private funds in New York City during the Great DepressionHoovervilles: A crudely built camp put up usually on the edge of a town to house the dispossessed and destitute during the depression of the 1930s.Dust Bowl: the/region/in/the/S/central/U.S./that/suffered/from/dust/storms/in/the/1930s.Dorothea Lang: an influential American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the Farm Security AdministrationFranklin Delano Roosevelt: /was the 32nd President of the United States. He served for 12 years and four terms, and was the only president ever to serve more than eight years100 Days – Honeymoon Period: a period of time at the beginning of the president's term in office./ This is a time when the president is still quite popular.Fireside Chats: An informal radio or television address by a politician3 R’s: Relief - Immediate action taken to halt the economies deterioration. Recovery - "Pump - Priming" Temporary programs to restart the flow of consumer demand. Reform - Permanent programs to avoid another depression and insure citizens againsteconomic disastersTennessee Valley Authority (1933): /created by Congress in 1933 to develop the Tennessee River system in the interest of navigation, flood control, and national defense, and to generate and sell surplus electricity to avert waste of water powerPublic Works Administration (1933): was a/New Deal/agency in the United States headed by/Secretary of the Interior/Harold L. Ickes. It was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act/in June 1933/Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (1933): an independent U.S. federal executive agency designed to promote public confidence in banks and to provide insurance coverage for bank deposits up to $250,000Securities and Exchange Commission (1934): was created to provide governance of securities transactions on the secondary market (after issue) and regulate the exchanges and broker-dealers in order to protect the investing public.Social Security Act (1935): provide for the general welfare by establishing a system of Federal old-age benefits, and by enabling the several States to make more adequate provision for aged persons, blind persons, dependent and crippled children, maternal and child welfare, public health, and the administration of their unemployment compensation laws; to establish a Social Security Board; to raise revenue; and for other purposes.West Coast Hotel v. Parish (1937): /the Supreme Court ruled, 5-4, that Washington State could impose minimum wage regulations on private employers without violating the Constitution's Fourteenth AmendmentCourt Packing Plan: was a legislative initiative proposed by U.S. President/Franklin D. Roosevelt to add more justices to the/U.S. Supreme CourtFriedrich Hayek: /was a/Nobel laureate/in/economics, social scientist and/political/theoristJohn Maynard Keynes: was a British economist whose ideas, known as/Keynesian economics, had a major impact on modern economic and political theory and on many governments' fiscal policiesAggregate Demand: In macroeconomics, the focus is on the demand and supply of/all/goods and services produced by an economyHow was the Great Depression a global depression? The Great Depression was a global phenomenon, unlike previous economic downturns which generally were confined to a handful of nations or specific regions. Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America all suffered from the economic collapse. International trade fell 30 percent as nations tried to protect their industries by raising tariffs on imported goods. "Beggar-thy-neighbor" trade policies were a major reason why the Depression persisted as long as it did. By 1932, an estimated 30 million people were unemployed around the worldWhat was the impact of the depression on American’s?/MASS MIGRATIONS, CRIME RATE, GREAT PLAINS/lost population, MIGRANTS/were adolescents seeking opportunity away from a family that had younger mouths to feed, FRANKENSTEIN,/IT HAPPENED ONE NIGHT, and/GONE WITH THE WIND/debuted during the Great DepressionStage IV – Social and Political EqualityMilitary Industrial Complex: a country's military establishment and those industries producing arms or other military materials, regarded as a powerful vested interest20th Amendment: /moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the President and Vice President from March 4 to January 20, and of members of Congress from March 4 to January 321st Amendment: repealed the/Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide/Prohibition on alcohol/on January 17, 192022nd Amendment: /a/term limit/for election to the office of/President of the United States. Congress passed the amendment on March 21, 194723rd Amendment: permits citizens in the/District of Columbia/to vote for Electors for President and Vice Presiden24th Amendment: prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in/federal/elections on payment of a/poll tax/or other types of tax25th Amendment: /deals with succession to the/Presidency/and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the/Vice President, as well as responding to Presidential disabilities26th Amendment: /prohibits the states and the federal government from setting a voting age higher than eighteen27th Amendment: prohibits any law that increases or decreases the salary of members of Congress from taking effect until the start of the next set of terms of office for RepresentativesBrown v. Board of Education (1954) which ended legal segregation in public schools, is one of hope and courage. When the people agreed to be plaintiffs in the case, they never knew they would change historyGideon v. Wainwright (1963) /is a/landmark case/in/United States Supreme