Progressives Bottom Top 1895 1925 I European Immigrants 1880 1924 A Push Pull Factors 1 Push Escaping religious persecution political economics war 2 Pull Higher wages 3 Italians a Birds of Passage b Most came for seasonal work and went back to Italy in the winter c More than three million Italians came between 1880 1910 d Move into coal mines and eventually worked their way up to their own shops restaurants 4 Jews a Coming from Poland and Russia b Leaving religious persecutions c Pogroms government sanctioned violent against Jews d Some went to sweat shops some kosher groceries e Entertainment business half of singers and songwriters were Jewish 5 Slavs B Labor Organizing 1 United Mine Workers a Mostly compromised of Italian immigrant coal miners 2 International Ladies Garment Union Jewish and Eastern European immigrants in sweat shops a b Factory conditions were terrible 8 cents an hour wage tenement houses II Women Reformers A Jane Addams Hull House 1 Stood up for lives of immigrants and women s suffrage 2 Settlement House Movement a Most successful and long lasting reform b Settlement houses were houses in poor neighborhoods that offered services to immigrants i e health care day care English classes 3 Addams realized this wasn t enough a Hull House became more active politically b Launched a series of reform campaigns 1 Building and sanitation codes safer working codes right to organize unions shorter working days c Maternal Instinct i Mother to whole community ii Had to make it better rather than just entering the industrial field iii Settlement houses can really help labor unions 4 College Settlement a Los Angeles b Job training center B Lillian Wald 1 Nurse 2 Henry Street Settlement C Children s Bureau 1 Julia Lathrope a Bring nursing care and eventually education and access to the arts to the immigrant poor a Worked in Hull House b First woman to head a federal agency 2 Bureau created during the progressive ear by President Taft Investigated conditions of mother and children a b Mixed success 1 Did persuade every southern state into passing laws to ban children from working in textile mills 2 Textile mills ignored this and laws were not enforced D Visiting Nurses 1 Brought medical care to poor areas 2 Women couldn t get jobs in the best schools and hospitals so they volunteered where men didn t want to go poor immigrant areas E National Consumers League 1 Florence Kelley a Also worked in Hull House Investigated those who violated worker conditions and food to make sure it was up to the FDA standards 3 Also wanted government to label products that met safety issues and fair labor standards If companies did not meet fair labor standards the National Consumers League would file lawsuits 2 4 F Cult of Domesticity 1 Women are now entering the public sphere and public debate a Entering public in all kinds of ways even if they re not in office b Consumption factory workers more leisure activities 2 Charlotte Perkins Gilman a Niece of Harriet Beecher Stowe b Women are free of cult of domesticity c Cult of Domesticity Women should provide for their family in the woman s sphere obey her husband d Women are now working and things are changing G Muller v Oregon 1908 1 Louis Brandeis used the role of science and data a Showed the court that children and women lacked the same type of strength that men have b Ways to make a persuasive case 1 Limited amount of child labor 2 Limited amount of hours women could work c Made sense in factories and sweatshops but could also be used to not hire women for white collar jobs H Civic Housekeeping 1 Term coined by Jane Addams 2 Types of reforms women wanted 3 If we want to make cities safe clean and moral women are going to be the ones to do it 4 Three issues a Birth control b Child labor laws c Women s suffrage 5 Jane Addam s essay on Civic Housekeeping a Modern cities face many vices b The electorate should be made of those who have knowledge of protecting people from moral dangers i e mothers c Civic housekeeping has failed because women have not been consulted and men have been indifferent just like they ve been indifferent to issues of the household I Anti Suffragists
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