Exam 3 Study GuideModules 31-37, ecopsychologyAs always, please know that this is a good (but not perfect) guideline for what you will find on the exam. I always test most on content that class and the book discusses, with some questions just based on class and just a few based on only the book. Please reach out with any questions you may have  You’ve got this!Emotion- What does it mean to say “emotions are procedural knowledge”?- How are emotions and moods different?- What are the two dimensions of emotions (in the US)? What is the third dimension that Japan considers? If you graphed these dimensions, where would you place an emotion like friendliness? Pride? Boredom? Ashamed? Excited? Nostalgic? Generous? (note—these are just examples, feel free to think of others!)- What are the 6 cross-cultural emotions?o Why do we consider them cross-cultural?- What individual differences do we see across people and their emotions?- What is a difference between women & men when it comes to emotion?o What is a myth about women & emotion?- What is the purpose of emotions? (To practice, think of our basic emotions-what is the purpose of each of them?)- What is the premise of each of the following emotional theories? What is some support for or evidence against each?o James-Langeo Cannon-Bardo Schachter-Singer- Which of the three theories is supported by the facial feedback effect?- What is a more effective lie detection approach?o How accurate are we at detecting lies vs. truth in others? - Who is better at reading emotion—introverts or extroverts? Who is easier to “read”?Ecopsychology*Note: there is nothing in the book about this. If you missed this day of class, I highly recommend you collaborate with a peer.- Define ecopsychology.- How does culture influence our experience of nature?o Author Richard Louv says that in the US, we went through different “ages” such as the Age of Exploration, the Age of Romanization, and the Age of Disconnection. What were some key features of each? How were they different?- What does it mean to “place individuals in an ecological context”?- What are the four basic tenets of ecopsychology?- Describe some ways that nature improves physical, mental, social, and spiritual health.o Can you remember any studies about how they got these findings? How would you study these?- What are the below three theories? You only need to know a sentence or so about each—just enough to get the “jist” and know the difference between them.o Stress Reduction Theoryo Biophilia Hypothesiso Attention Restoration Theory- What is the New Ecological Paradigm?- What is Nature Deficit Disorder? Why would we need to “diagnose” this? (Diagnose is in quotations because this is not actually a diagnosable disorder… yet!)- What are some reasons nature contact is declining?- Why do we need social justice work within ecopsychology?Stress/Coping- What’s the difference between stress and a stress reaction and a stressor?- What is the cognitive appraisal model?o If you failed an exam (not your psych one of course), what are some positive/helpful appraisals? What are some negative/harmful appraisals? What would it look like if you used problem-focused coping for this situation? Emotion-focused? What would it look like if you had an external locus of control for the results of your exam? If you had an internal locus of control? What might you say about the exam if you were experiencing learned helplessness?o We watched a part of a TED Talk in class. What did the speaker say about the effects of reframing stress?- When is stress helpful?- What are the main types of stressors? An example of each?- What are the phases of general adaptation syndrome?- We’ve talked about fight & flight… what is another stress response, most often found in women?- In a study described in your book (p. 426), what did they find to be more effective: relaxation or aerobic exercise? What are the benefits of exercise & relaxation?- What does health psychology study? What does psychoneuroimmunology study?o Based on findings within these fields, at what point of the semester are you most likely to get sick? o Let’s say you’re clumsy and get a scrape nearly every week from falling. According to the findings of this field, when would the scrape heal most slowly?- How does pessimism & depression affect health?- What are more effective ways to manage anger than using a catharsis-based approach?- What are the three possible explanations for why religion/faith helps people experience better health than those without religion/faith?- How does money impact our happiness? - Describe adaptation-level phenomenon and relative deprivation.- What are some tips the book provides you about how to feel happier?- If we get to it in class on Tuesday:o What are some CBT-based coping strategies? ACT-based? Positive-psychology based?o What is mindfulness?o What are the five elements of positive psychology?Social- What is social psychology?- What is Attribution Theory? o Are you more likely to consider disposition for yourself or for a stranger? Who are you more likely to consider the situation for?o How would you define Fundamental Attribution Error? Self-Serving Bias?- You’re hoping to convince your parents/guardians to buy you a car for your next birthday. How would you convince them using central persuasion? Using peripheral persuasion? o Which one do you think would be more effective? Why?o How could you use the foot-in-the-door technique to persuade them? Door-in-the-face technique?o What is cognitive dissonance? How might you increase your parents’/guardians’ cognitive dissonance in your favor? (aka to make them more likely to get you the car)- Describe the following studies. How was the study set up? What were the findings?o The Zimbardo Prison Experimento Milgram’s Shock Experimento Asch’s Conformity Experiment What factors increase conformity?- Why do we engage in automatic mimicry? What are some examples of doing so?- Why do we conform to social norms? What are some examples of norms within our culture? Can you think of some norms in other cultures that are different than ours? Is conformity more valued in individualist or collectivist cultures?- What is group polarization? Groupthink? Deindividuation? - When you do group work in class, do you experience social facilitation or social loafing more often?Pro/Antisocial