Slide 1Slide 2Individual differences in weight loss with exercise trainingExercise Alone Results in Minimal Weight LossSlide 5Diet + Exercise (Dengel, et al 1994)Slide 7What about strength training? Wadden et al. Study DesignSlide 9Wadden et al: Deviation from Prescribed Diet in Kcals per WeekSlide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14ConclusionsObesity: Lecture 3What causes obesity? (continued)Exercise and ObesityExercise, Diet, and ObesityIndividual differences in weight loss with exercise trainingAverage weight loss of 3.5 KG after 12 weeks of trainingKing et al, 2012What influences weight loss?(2.2 lbs/kg = 7.7 LBS)-7.0 -5.0 -3.0 -1.0 1.0Exercise Alone Results in Minimal Weight LossWing. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31(suppl):S547.*P<0.05 vs control group45-60’ 4x/wk, 4 to 12 months, overweight (not obese) men, no tracking of dietStefanick 1998Stefanick 1998aAnderssen 1995Hammer 1989Verity 1989Rönnemaa 1988Wood 1988Wood 1983Weight loss (kg)Control GroupExercise Group****Duration of weekly exercise is related to weight loss in overweight and obese womenNote: Intake of energy and fat restricted in addition to exercise.148 overweight and Obese women18 month weight loss programJakicic, et al. 1999Diet + Exercise (Dengel, et al 1994)61 sedentary, obese menAge 55-653 groups:Control groupDiet group (hypocaloric diet), Diet + exercise (Aerobic)10 month interventionWhat about strength training?Wadden et al. Study Design128 obese women (41 ± 9 yrs old)Randomly assigned to diet, diet + aerobic exercise, diet + strength exercise, or diet + aerobic + strength exercise48 week interventionReductions in Weight, FFM, and Percentage of Weight Loss from Fat for Participants in Four ConditionsVariable Week 48 (n = 99)Weight (kg) Diet Alone Aerobic Strength Combined14.413.717.215.2FFM (kg) Diet alone Aerobic Strength Combined2.83.13.21.8% Loss from Fat Diet alone Aerobic Strength Combined81.779.683.591.2Wadden et al: Deviation from Prescribed Diet in Kcals per WeekCondition Week 5 Week 17Diet Alone 206 817Aerobic 455 1,041Strength 481 1,153Combined 243 1,172It is difficult to control diet when exercise is added.Diet/exercise intervention is associated with loss of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissueNote: Magnetic resonance images at level of lumbar spine for a man and a woman. Male: SAT loss = 44%VAT loss = 60%Female: SAT loss = 20%VAT loss = 32%Diet/exercise intervention is associated with loss of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissueHigh levels of moderate activityare associated with lower weight gainafter age 45Note: Activity recorded as MET-h/week over the previous ten years; participants 15,000 US adults aged 53–57.020406080100Relationship Between Physical Activity and Maintenance of Weight LossNot MaintainedSubjects Exercising (%)P<0.001Weight Loss PatternMaintainedKayman,et al 1990 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 90%34%>1 yearConclusions1) Diet alone and diet + exercise have shown similar weight-reduction effects2) More vigorous/amount of exercise is related to greater weight loss.3) SAT and VAT are reduced with diet+ exercise with women showing lower reductions with diet + exercise interventions.4) Physical activity is associated with lower weight gain with age and better maintenance of weight