Slide 1Cancer timeline & PA interventionColorectal CancerColorectal CancerDiagnosisColorectal CancerPhysical activity and Colorectal CancerPhysical activity and Colorectal CancerPhysical activity and Colorectal CancerPhysical activity and Colorectal CancerPhysical activity and Colorectal CancerPhysical activity and Colorectal CancerPhysical activity and Colorectal CancerBreast CancerBreast Cancer FactsRisk FactorsPrevention and ScreeningSlide 18Physical activity and Breast CancerPhysical activity and Breast CancerPhysical activity and Breast CancerProstate CancerProstate CancerProstate CancerDiagnosisLifestyle and Prostate CancerSlide 27Waist circumference and prostate cancerCancer timeline & PA interventionCancer Prevention & Physical ActivitySection 2Cancer timeline & PA interventionSchmitz, et al. 2010 ACSM Roundtable on Exercise Guidelines for Cancer SurvivorsCancer that starts in the cells that line the colon and rectumColorectal Cancer___________ of colorectal cancer can be treated successfully when found earlyColorectal CancerDiagnosis•Regular screening after 50 (up to 75)*–High-sensitivity fecal occult blood test (FOBT)•yearly–Flexible sigmoidoscopy•every 5 years with FOBT–Colonoscopy•every 10 years*history will determine frequency and necessity of tests before 50 or after 75Colorectal CancerColorectal CancerLifestyle Factors that increase risk•lack of regular exercise•low fruit and vegetable intake•Overweight and obesity•low fiber and high fat diet•excessive alcohol consumption•tobacco use•insufficient intake of clean and safe waterSigns and Symptoms•change in bowel habits–diarrhea–constipation•Rectal bleeding or blood in stools•Abdominal discomfort•Weakness/fatigue•Unexplained weight lossPhysical activity and Colorectal Cancer•Case control study- Slattery et al., 2003–1346 cases of colon cancer–1544 control cases–18% minorities–Physical activity measured in the past year•Domain–Home–Leisure–Occupation–Intensity for each of the abovePhysical activity and Colorectal CancerSlattery, et al 2003Physical activity and Colorectal Cancer•Colon cancer–Most studied–Nurses Health Study-Activity volumeMartinez, at al 1997More than half of all studies report aPhysical activity and Colorectal Cancer•Sedentary behavior and risk for cancerPhysical activity and Colorectal Cancer•Risk reduction PA and energy balance•Either high BMI or high Intake was related to increased colon cancer (not shown)•with low PA, BMI and Intake are related to increase riskSlattery, et al 1997Physical activity and Colorectal Cancer•Consensus: Evidence suggests that about 60 mins of moderate-vigorous activity significantly reduces risk for colon cancer•Lack of PA is related to colorectal cancer•12-14% of colon cancer could be due to lack of vigorous PA•3-4hr/wk of vigorous activity optimizes protection• Slattery. Sports Med 2004Physical activity and Colorectal CancerPossible Mechanisms include:–Increases in gut motility–Immune system enhancement–Decreasing diabetic environment•insulin regulation–Decreasing obesitySlattery. Sports Med 2004Breast CancerA cancer that forms in the cells of the breast - ductal carcinoma (most common, begins in ducts) - lobular carcinoma (milk glands)Breast Cancer Facts•1 in 8 women in the US will develop breast cancer in their lifetime•30% of cancers in women are breast cancers (US)•15% of women who get breast cancer have a family member diagnosed with it•2nd leading cause of death in womenRisk Factors1. Age2. Sex – 99% are in women3. Heredity4. Prior cancer–breast, ovarian, uterine, bowel5. Obesity (9.9kg increase after menopause ~ 18% increase in breast cancer)6. Lack of physical activity7. Excessive alcoholPrevention and Screening•MammogramsPhysical activity and Breast Cancer•Nurses health studyRockhill, et al 1999Physical activity and Breast CancerNot sigWomen’s Health Study Friedenreich. et al 2001Physical activity and Breast Cancer•Evidence suggests that about 30-60 min per day of moderate- vigorous activity significantly reduces risk for breast cancer•RR for breast cancer and PA = .8 (20% reductions per week •Potential Mechanisms:•high fat intake•obesity and weight gain•sex hormonesProstate CancerProstate CancerIncreased risk:–Ancestry: African American men, Caribbean men of African ancestry–> 60 yrs–positive Family History–High fat diet–BMI–Alcohol–Environmental toxinsProstate Cancer•Most common cancer among men•African American men are 2x as likely to die from prostate cancer than white men.•Signs and Symptoms:–problems urinating (problems urinating or increased frequency)–blood in the urine or semen–erectile dysfunction–weakness or numbness in the legs and feet–loss of bladder controlDiagnosis•Blood Test – Prostate specific antigen (PSA)–< 4ng/ml = normal–~15% of men with PSA below 4ng/ml will have prostate cancer•Digital rectal exam (DRE)•Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)–when PSA and DRE are abnormal •MEN WITH AVERAGE RISK : 50 YEARS OLD•MEN WITH HIGHER RISK: 45 YEARS OLDLifestyle and Prostate CancerPrevention (ACS recommendations):–Maintain a healthy weight–Avoid excess weight gain–Be physically active–150min moderate, 75 min vigorous activity/wk–Limit sedentary time–Avoid processed meats and red meat–Vegetarian diet (2 1/2C vegetables and fruits/day)–Choose whole grains over refined grains–Low fat diet (High omega 3FA)–limit alcohol intakePA and Prostate Cancer Studies-Studies are mixed-RR is 0.9-Mechanisms-Hormones-Decreased obesity-Immune systemLee, et al 2001Waist circumference and prostate cancerCancer timeline & PA interventionSchmitz, et al. 2010 ACSM Roundtable on Exercise Guidelines for Cancer