These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Outline of Last Lecture I. The “mighty” food labels A. What food labels tell you about, how they are important B. Required Information C. Daily Values D. Claims Outline of Today’s Lecture II. The Process of Digestion A. How food becomes nutrition 1. Digestion B. GI tract organs vs. Accessory Organs C. Small Intestine D. Large Intestine E. Disorders Today’s Lecture III. What makes food so enjoyable? A. Food satisfies a genuine physical need. B. Eating food and drink fluids often begins with the sensation of either hunger or thirst C. Appetite is influenced by our food preferences and the psychological stimulation to eat IV. Digestion A. Digestion occurs in the GI tract B. GI Tract Organs 1. Mouth 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Small Intestine 5. Large Intestine C. Three main roles of the GI Tract 1. Break down food into its smaller components 2. Absorb nutrients 3. Prevent microorganisms or other harmful compounds consumed with food from entering the tissues of the body. D. Accessory Organs 1. Pancreas A. The pancreas produces important digestive enzymes but also two hormones important for regulating blood sugar, insulin and glucagon NSC 170C1 Ricketts, Jennifer 2013 Spring Week 3 Lecture 6 January 302. Liver B. Produces bile and regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins C. Also stores several nutrients and key in the detoxification of alcohol 3. Gallbladder V. Small Intestine A. Long, narrow, coiled chamber in the abdominal cavity B. 3 segments- duodenum, jejunum, and ileum C. Primary organ for digestion and absorption VI. Large Intestine A. Wider than small intestine but not coiled B. Helpful bacteria living in the large Intestine, plays a role in chemical digestion C. Fiber break down occurs D. Some of the undigested carbohydrates turn into methane gas, carbon dioxide, and/or hydrogen. E. Rectum is the final portion VII. Disorders of the Mouth and Esophagus A. Gingivitis 1. Inflammation of the gums B. Heartburn 1. Affects 25 to 30 percent of people on average 2. Occurs when the hydrochloric acid from the stomach to the esophagus C. Peptic Ulcer 1. Is an erosion of the stomach lining caused by drugs, alcohol, or bacterium 2. Treatment includes antibiotic or dietary modifications D. Gallstones 1. Small hard crystalline structures E. Constipation and Diarrhea 1. Constipation- difficulty passing stool 2. Diarrhea- the passage of frequent, watery, loose stool. F. Irritable Bowel Syndrome 1. Hypersensitivity to stimuli in the large intestine G. Celiac Disease 1. Immune system response to gluten causing damage to the lining of the Small Intestine. 2. The only known treatment includes a gluten-free
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