Maybe CD4 is mutated or absent so HIV cant bind T helperMaybe it have a low count of Thelper so nothing cant affect it.Maybe t helper prevents HIV from replicatingMaybe they have more cytotoxic t cells so they can attach affected t helpersCytotoxic t cells only attack affected cellsMaybe t helpers look different entirely and they are unrecognizable so they are not infectedThese hypothesesCytotoxic t cells are better and faster in recognizing infected cellsThe t helper cells are different some way that prevents them form being infected or keep the virus from replicating Cytotoxic cells only affect the t helperAt the tcs they kill the infection1 categorySuper T H- EU2 PLUS EU3Super tc- 9, 18, 4Normal protected- 1, 11,12,17- why? They all have the virus no mather what. Got a clear exposure.M and T type . viruses use multiple entry cell in to an infected cellEvery hiv needs at least 2 proteins to get into your cell. Use multiple proteins to enter. Anything the pathogen will bind to is an antigenWhat aspects of the innate immune response help prevent flu? Born with it. Fever, mucus, natural killer cells, mucous membranes, skinAntigen presenting cells- basically suck up antigen form the environment and present to the surface, t-helper cellst-helper cells attract killer cellssntibodies attract cytostic t cellsmmeasure the immune response by the antibodies you make- memory b cells already ready‘attenuated “ flu wouldn’t make u sick but have the symptomsMake a new vaccine every year, What occurs during a normal response?The allergic reaction mechanism- the allergic enters the body- it is then captured by a macrophage that then produces the cell on its surface- www.stallergenes.com/fileadmin/flash/contact_gb.swf - need the antibodies to respond to the allergens- everyone responds to histamine- you need t helper cells to have an immune response- histamine isn’t normally used10/30/13lactose intolerant can be caused by the change of bacterial in intestineprevent allegories by desensitization- little exposure to eventually lower the lgEsread labelstreatments are antihistamine, extra copies of a gene means more rnalytic- many copies of virus on dnarna interference – take a rna mere image, the cell will destroy all rma that make that image, don’tmake proteinnot producing 5 should be used on peopleautoimmune disease- when the adaptive immune response( b-cells, T cells, andtibodies) are directed against self- antigens. Useful when your own cells are mutated because the change in the dna changes the protein thus it will be recognized as “ foreign” , also when the cells are affected by a virus…recognize the viral protein in the bacteria“foreign”, maybe the cells are on-functioning , autoimmunity can also get rid of cells if not needed. Autoimmunity is uncrontrolled…because you have a bunch of an immune response against your own proteins produced antibodies against your own proteins- normal immune response One main example is Hemolytic Anemia- antibodies are against proteins on the surface of red blood cellsProduce histamine in an allergic response- IgEHow would u figure out if an autoimmune disease is genetic or environmental? Observe identicaltwinsAllergic, autoimmune,