Civil Rights- - all people are treated equally 9/3/13There has to be a case for the supreme courtDreg scott vs. Sanford- scott belonged to Sanford- opposed slavery- took him to a nonslave state-free man, came back to southern state- slave Cannot sue in court because he was an African-american- they are slaves by nature- cannot be citizens, led to the civil war, after the civil war congress ratifies the 13( abolishes slavery), 15( previous condition,male, color race-vote) and 14th amendment( born in the us the u are a citizen- state cannot deprive people from rights- equal protection of the law- all citizens regardless of race)Civil Rights Acts of 1865- tried to prevent states from getting around these amendments, Supreme Court overturned some of the actsPrimaries (political parties make decisions for candidate) are not specified in the constitutions. Democratic in the south- primaries are for white people. Grandfather clause- ancestry, poll tax- pay for vote, literacy test- Plessy vs. Feurgson- Plessy is 7/8th white, Supreme court- that’s constitutional- ok to separate races if they are treated equally60 years later-Brown vs. Board decision- overturned the case, separate is inherently unequal and illegalRosa Parks- led to a boycott of the buses in Montgomery Non-violence civil disobedience- The civil rights of 1964- prohibited segregation, 1965- state had to submit vote plan to get approval from federal systemAffirmative action, voter ids.Civil rights - 9/5/13 14th amendment has the equal protection clause, everyone entitled. Sental falls convention- declaration of sentimence( modeled declaration of independence), called for equality for women in all aspects of life, education, politics, and employment, universal suffrage(NOT SPECIFIED IN CONSTITUION) Lobbying and direct action by a political part to help out women. 3rd party- goal , ex: republican started as a minor issue- end slavery, became major19th amendment- can deny someone to vote specially on the sex15th amendment- right to vote should not a bridge on a basis of race, color, etc23th amendment- districts of Columbus can vote in presidential elections; people in Washington dc don’thave the right to vote, no representatives of congress24th Amendment- outlawed the poll tax26th amendment- Vietnam war era, 18ys old or older have the right to voteWesbery vs. SandersEach district chooses one representative, same in state level, Rural district have more power to choose a representative than the urban district. Supreme court says all district must have the same population. Census every ten years to redraw their lines (unequal representation means unequal protection)NOW- young women more involved in political, economic , social, and politicalEquality of rights should not denied a bridge onaccount of sec- equal protection clauseArticle 5- amendment must be ratified by ¾ of the state, 2/3 of house of rep and 2/3 of senate Everyone approved of the equal rights except only 35 states More women are elected for congress- progress, nancy polison, Clinton, sanda r. conner, now they r three women in the us supreme court, many laws have been passed to protect women in the work place, equal pay act, protected women form wage discrimination- Obama Affirmative Action programs- ex. Uga advertise for minorities, strong- students have to bemixed to attend ugaUniversity of California vs. Bakke- white male not admitted. (Reverse discrimination) university had a strict quota system( exact percentage of minorities in school- unconstitutional for race, not sole factor) However it can be considered one of many factors. Diversity is good but you cant give extra points to minorities or women.Illegal immigration- federal, state and courts debatingLGBT community- 1969 after the stone wall incident( gay men rioted against the police)Lawerencevs. Texas, antisomadity laws aimed aginst gay men because homosexuality was a crimeGeorgia laws never stated just mentioned certain activities, now all antisomadity are illegal-unconstitutionalSame- sex marriage- 1/3 of the us population, 1996-congress passed the defense of marriage act- refuse to requinized same sex marriageCourt declared gays married in states that are legal must receive the same federal benefits like any other people. Did not rule if they can get benefits if married in other states Federalism- national and state level9/10/13Article section 1- ex. In state vs. out of state tution- treating people differently, another one same sex marriage, full faith and credit clause.Section2: “pliveges and immunities”- rights all ctizens enjoy regardless the state.Section 4: “a republician form of government”- an indirect democracy but direct can work like small English towns, people shoes their representatives then they gover. Every state is guaranteed a republic form. Different forms- don’t need separation of powers or bicameral legislature, it’s the state choice but everybody chose it. Nebraska don’t have bicameral legislature. Also “ supreme law of the land”federalism- us constitution laws to put to effect. It triumphs every other law, certain powers that belong to the state or national only. “supremacy clause”- national and state , 10th amendment-If the constution does not prohibit the power of the states then they are allowed- reserved powers14th amendment- dual citizenship, every person is a citizen of us and stateIssue: state benefits- supreme court did not rule, this part of the constution is murky( supreme court decision is not clear and persistent)Federalsim- Mccloch vs. Maryland- Maryland taxes national bank but bank refused. “Does congress have the authority to charter a bank” its not in the constuition. “do states have the power to tax that bank” Article 1 section 8- “ congress have power to coin money, borrow, to pay debt, necessary and proper to put the laws into affect” court says congress have the power to tax a bank because it is applied in the constution. “Implied powers” The power to tax is the power to destroy. States cannot destroy a creation of the national government….sets a limit on the states and congress do have implied powers through thenecessary and proper clausebarron vs Baltimore- “congress shall make no law establishing religion others”. Bill of rights does not apply to the state but the national gov. started with the 14th amendment- no state can deny.Selective incorporation- the bill of rights is incorporated through the 14th