Exam 2 Review Questions1a) Improvements in transportation have resulted in time-space compression. True or Falseb) Give an example.2. Time space convergence is defined as:A) the reduction in the cost of travel and travel times among places.B) friction of distance.C) distance decay.D) the reduction in the travel costs between places as a result of transport improvements.E) none of the above.3. Of the listed transport trip purposes below, which has the shortest vehicle trip length?A) Journey to workB) Recreation/socialC) ShoppingD) Other family or personal business4. Which of the following is an example of cost-space convergence?A) Jules Verne wrote a book entitled “Around the World in 80 Days” in the late 1800s; today Landsat satellites can orbit the earth once in just 99 minutes.B) Travel from Edinburgh to London dropped from 2,000 minutes by stagecoach to 800 minutes by steam locomotive.C) The number of people travelling by air increased dramatically after deregulation resulted in lower airfares.D) A proposed bullet train in California, which will average over 200 miles per hour, will travel from Los Angeles to San Francisco in just over two hours, beating the 5 hours it currently takes to drive.E) All of the above.5. A town is defined as smaller than a city and less functionally complex but still with a nuclearbusiness center.True or False6. Which of the cities listed below would not be considered a religious/sacred city?A) MeccaB) Vatican CityC) JerusalemD) VaransaiE) All of the above are religious cities7. During the Industrial Revolution in the United States, all of the following cities were important exceptA) New YorkB) BostonC) PhiladelphiaD) BaltimoreE) St. Louis8. All of the following led to the rise of industrial cities exceptA) Increase in agricultural productionB) Growth of a new social classC) Demise of the feudal systemD) Rise of communication and technological advancements9. Which of the following is a type of external scale economy?A) Urbanization economyB) Internal scale economyC) Diseconomy of scaleD) All of the above are external scale economies10. Von Thunen’s Agricultural Land Use Model includes dairy and commercial gardening in which ring?A) Ring 4B) Ring 2C) Ring 3D) Ring 1, closest to city centerE) Wilderness, farthest from city center11. Which activity has the steepest gradient in a bid-rent curve?A) GrazingB) ResidentialC) WheatD) Dairy12. Which sequence correctly matches the land use model to an example that follows that model?A) Concentric Zone- Chicago, Hoyt Sector- L.A., Multiple Nuclei- CalgaryB) Concentric Zone- British Cities, Hoyt Sector- Calgary, Multiple Nuclei- SingaporeC) Concentric Zone- Chicago, Hoyt Sector, Calgary, Multiple Nuclei- L.A.D) Concentric Zone- Buffalo, Hoyt Sector- L.A., Multiple Nuclei- Calgary13. The basic sector typically includes economic sectors such as A) Retail tradeB) Eating and drinking establishmentsC) Real estateD) Personal servicesE) Manufactured goods14. All of the following are examples of important supply side factors in the residential housing market exceptA) The amount of construction of new housing unitsB) Construction standardsC) The number of people in the housing marketD) Zoning codesE) Availability of financing15. This process refers to the resurgence and renovation/revival of growth in many central city areasA) RecentralizationB) GentrificationC) Urban Land Use ModelD)