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UB GEO 103LEC - OLec1 Econ Geo(1)

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Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Syllabus ReviewWhat is Economic Geography 103.1aMajor Approaches 103.1bMapsSlide 9Slide 10Slide 11Map projections and distortionsCylindrical equal area projectionsSlide 14Mercator ProjectionHow do we flatten the globe into a map?Map ScaleMaps and Representation of Space 103.1cSpace vs. LocationFriction of Distance & AccessibilityPolitical EconomiesSlide 22Economic Geography of the World EconomyEconomic Geography of the World Economy (continued)Economic Geography of the World Economy (continued)Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31GoodbyeMap ScaleSlide 34THIS IS THE TRICKY PARTGeography 103Geography of Economic SystemsClass 1 Geography –Place and SpaceL11L12-------- Forwarded Message --------Subject: just following up...Date: Thu, 05 Feb 2015 00:17:24 +0000From: Stephanie <[email protected]>Reply-To: [email protected]: [email protected] just checking in on my last e-mail.UB needs your help to be a notetaker. Can you help?In short, you'll get paid to do what you're already doing in class (taking notes) and you'll be helping classmates. Plus we'll really appreciate it. Are you down? Let me know and I can send along some more details.Really appreciate you taking time to respond to this.Have an awesome day,Steph----------Head of Student RelationsStudySoup HQSan Francisco, CA 94117If you can't help-out, you can remove yourself from this e-mail if you unsubscribeL13TextbookL14Good news liberal Arts majors – Wall Street journalSyllabus ReviewL15What is Economic Geography 103.1a•History -> exploration, curiosity about different places•Map production as a basic tool•Location of places•Economic Activities and organization in different locationsL16GeographyEconomic Social, Urban, PoliticalPhysicalGISMajor Approaches 103.1b1. Logical positivism – emphasizes science and scientific method to analyze economic landscapetopics studied – location theory, spatial interaction, spatial analysis (model building)criticized for ignoring social (class) problems, political and historical facts2. Behavioral geography – studies the cognitive and perception of space3. Humanistic geography – studies the subjective experiences of economic activitiesFocuses on human intentions and symbolic meanings4. Structural geography – i.e. Marxism. Studies historical processes and political organization of economic activities e.g. control and distribution of resources5. Poststructuralism – how discourse shape economic activities e.g. media, news  emphasizes culture, language and representation.L17MapsA stone tablet found in a cave in Abauntz in the Navarra region of northern Spain is believed to contain the earliest known representation of a landscape.L19Map projectionsL110Cylindrical equal spaced projectionCylindrical equal area projectionL111Brazil vs. AlaskaBrazil: 3.2 million sq milesAlaska: 0.5 million sq milesThe true size of countries...Map projections and distortions1. Cylindrical equal area projections – preserve areas but distorts shapes (angles)L112Cylindrical equal area projectionsL113Mercator projections – preserves angles, generally preserves shapes•Areas are distorted. Distortion increases away from Equator and is extreme in polar regions. Map, however, is conformal in that angles and shapes within any small area is essentially true.•The map is not equal area, or equidistant.L114Mercator ProjectionL115How do we flatten the globe into a map?L116Why is transverse mercator projection important anyway? (3:49 video)Map Scale•Scale tells you what extent the portion of the earth represented on the map has been reduced from its original size to fit on the map.Maps and Representation of Space 103.1cUse of maps to represent space (also graphs, equations, models)Large/small scale maps: 1: 10,000 is larger than 1: 250,000 so it’s a large scale map (because 1: 10,000 means the object is 1/10,000 its size on the ground)L1181:10,000 1:100,000Space vs. Location •Simplest measure = absolute distance/space/locationexamples: miles, latitude/longitude, feet, meters•Relative distance/space/location Examples: perception of distance, influences of transport and communication technologiesL119Friction of Distance & Accessibility•The concept of "friction of distance" is based on the notion that distance usually requires some amount of effort, money, and/or energy to overcome.•Technology is reducing the friction of distance.L120Political Economies•World economy divided into:•First world (Western Europe, North America, Japan, Australia, NZ)•Second world (Former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, China) – planned development, communist or socialist states•Third world (developing countries)•Fourth world (<$150 per capita per year) LDC –least developed countries –Many parts of Africa, Asia, Haiti in the Western Hemisphere•What about newly industrializing countries?•(Taiwan – NIE?)21L2&322Economic Geography of the World EconomyFIGURE 1.7 Major World regions can be divided into the First (include second) and Third Worlds, also called the global North and South.•At any given time, the world economy is dominated by one or more core states•Which country is dominant now? How might this change in the future?Economic Geography of the World Economy (continued)Economic Geography of the World Economy (continued)FIGURE 1.8 Average annual world economic growth rates vary as business cycles create boom and bust periods, but average between 3% and 5% annually. Fluctuations in average growth reflects international recessions, the price of oil, productivity growth, catastrophic events, changes in government policies, and political turmoil or lack thereof.26Factors of ProductionProduction -> output -> consumptionLow production = low output = less consumptionFactors of production: land, labor and capital (+ technology)Four political economic systems1. Capitalist economies (laissez-faire)-Driven by markets-Private ownership of production (i.e. factors of production)-Minimum government intervention-Competition (keeps prices down)2. Command economies-Factors of production owned by central government (govt)-Govt decides what, where and how to product and consume-e.g. collectivization of farming (who are the buyers?)-Hinders individual incentives, economic and political freedom3. Mixed economic systems-Between (1) and (2) e.g. France, Scandinavia, Canada-Liberal social programs (cradle to grave) -> strong govt


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