COMM 1010Week 15 & 16 COMM 1010 Week 15: CIA Chapter 4: Performance Communication  Performance Defined – is contested. The term can be used to identify a field ofstudy (a lens or metaphor for how to view the world) AND a text (an object ofstudy.o 1. Performance is a metaphor for how we view the world. It is a lens thatinforms a way of looking at the world around us. o 3. Performance is a text that we study – an object for analysis. Fisher’s Narrative Paradigm- Humans are storytelling beings. We structure ourlives with narratives or stories.  Narration Defined- Humans are also storyliving beings. We create stories toaccomplish goals. Dramatistic Pentad- Developed by Kenneth Burke; People are social actors. Wecoordinate ourselves based on five key elements: Act, Scene, Agent, Agency, andPurpose (see CIA page. 35) Aesthetic Performance – language has artistic value; Performance is an aestheticact – it has artistic beauty. Common Modes of Aesthetic Communicationo Lyric- single speaker focused on individual thoughts, feelings, and actionso Dramatic- two or more speakers tell the story and the audience witnesses itas it is acted out.o Epic- the story is revealed the storyteller speaks directly to audience.Combines Lyric with Dramatic.Week 16: Chapter 6: Communication, Culture & Diversity and CIA Chapter 5: Language, Culture, & Power  Culture, Diversity, Co-cultural Communicationo Culture- the rules of living and functioning in societyo Diversity- A term used to describe the unique differences in peopleo Co-cultural communication- amount people from a variety of differentcultures; the interactions among underrepresented and dominant groupmembers. High-Context vs. Low-Context Cultureso High-context cultures- focus on nonverbal cues, open and freecommunication; emphasis on surrounding/environment; little need forexplicit information. Most Asian cultures are high context cultures as wellas Latin American cultures and eastern Mediterranean cultures.o Low-context cultures- less aware of nonverbal cues, need detail, emphasison verbal messages in particular, desire expert knowledge and logic that isexplicitly communicated. US, Germany, Switzerland Developing Cultural Competence – level of knowledge a person has about otherswho differ in some ways in comparison to self.o Perception Checkingo Mutual Respecto Cultural Imperatives (peace, economic, technological, self-awareness andethical – see Communication Age p. 142-143) Gender, Race, Sexual Orientation and Ability – Mythical Norm & StandpointTheoryo Mythical Norm – is the perfect concept of what is average. The mythical norm has often been used to understand an unrealistic or unfavorable idea of gender and race. o Standpoint Theory- Standpoints are the way a particular individual sees the work. Standpoint theory maintains that different perspectives are informed by the different groups we belong to.  Barriers to Communication: Stereotypes, Prejudice, Discrimination, Ethnocentrism, Hate Speech, Bullying, o Stereotypes- popular beliefs about a group of people. Preconceived notions can be positive, neutral, or negative, but is based on individuals’ membership in a group rather than viewing a specific individual as a person. Unchecked stereotypes can reinforce negative behaviors such as prejudice and discrimination. o Prejudice- Dislike or hatred toward a particular group. o Discrimination- The act of excluding people form or denying them products, rights, and services based on their race, ethnicity, religion, gender, age, sexual orientation, or disability. o Ethnocentrism- evaluating another culture using the standards of one’s own culture. o Hate Speech- general uncivil discourse used to humiliate people based on their race, ethnicity, religion, gender, age, sexual orientation, or disability. o Bullying- use of hate speech in schools  Hegemony- when one group of people has power to make their view of the world seem like the only one. Hegemonic views are disseminated and normalize though media, education, legislation, politics, etc. Power to discriminate is institutionalized and becomes