COMM 1010Review for Exam #2COMM 1010Chapter 16: Persuasive Presentations & CIA Ch. 6: Rhetoric: Argumentation & Persuasion  Persuasive Defined: Persuasion is the altering or modifying of a person’s attitudes, beliefs, values, or outlook about a topic (420) Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: Five Steps for Motivating an Audience-Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, and Action (433) Types of Rhetorical Occasions:1. Forensic- Deals with the past- Attempts to persuade an audience that something did or did not happen - Ex: Did Hillary actually delete her emails?2. Deliberative- Deals with the future- Attempts to persuade an audience to do something- Ex: Vote for a specific president3. Epideictic- Deals with the present- Attempts to persuade an audience that something in the present is good or bad- Ex: More to do with personal opinions, “Donald trump being president is bad”, health care initiative being productive or not Artistic Proofs- Ethoso Establishes credibilityo Ex: Introducing oneself with credentials and achievementso Establish immediacy, knowledge, and experience within the situation- Pathoso Capitalizes on an audience’s feelingso Ex: Sad animals in adoption/shelter commercials, sad music- Logoso Appeals to logic and objective reasoning o Ex: Buy my project because it’s the same as that product but it costs less Types of Arguments1. Examplea. “I have a cat and its cute, so all cats must be cute”, “Vapes explode, therefore vapes are bad”b. Simple comparison2. Analogya. “The presidential campaign is a cluster fuck”, “Life is like a box ofchocolates”b. Analogy linking people’s understanding of “cluster fuck” with their understanding of the election. Relying on cultural understandings of something to compare with something new. Frame new information and terms that the audience is not familiar with well-known info make it easy to understand. 3. Definitiona. “Donald Trump sexually assaulted women because what he said was the exact definition of sexual assault.” Or “This doesn’t constituent police brutality by definition.”4. Relationshipa. “People who prepare more for speeches make better grades.” Relationship between studying and good grades b. “UNT sucks, therefor my professor who teaches at UNT sucks.” Toulmin Model Logical Fallacies: A flaw is known as a fallacy. Fallacy is a generic term that indicates an error or weakness in an argument or thought process. Slippery Slope-One action will inevitably lead to another, more disastrous action. Yet, doesn’t consider probability of events happening. Ad Hominem- “against the person” They have nothing to do with the substance of the issue, but redirect attention to the speaker and attempts to undermine their credibility through name-calling and personal attacks. Example: “Birther Movement” against Obama (C67) Strategies to Persuasive: Be able to build arguments that appeal to audiences logically (logos) and emotionally (pathos) while fostering good will (ethos) Also, be able to engage in critically evaluating the arguments of others (and your own arguments) in order to engage in rhetoric-the art of persuasion (C68)Chapter 7: Interpersonal Communication  Social Penetration Theory: Shows how relationships progress toward intimacy as a result of self-disclosure from both partners. Views self-disclosure in terms of breadth, or the number of topics discussed, and depth, or the amount of information revealed about a topic. We are like onions with many layers. (166) Stage Models: Coming Together-Initiating, Experimenting, Intensifying, Integrating, and Bonding AND Coming Apart-Differentiating, Circumscribing, Stagnating, Avoiding, and Terminating (168) Turning Points: Perceptions of events that transform relationships (based on interpretations NOT the actual event) Interpersonal/Normative, Dyadic, Social Network, Circumstantial (172) Dialectical Theory: is that everyone engages in communication in their relationships and during these interactions we experience different tensions in the relationshipo Where what we personally want or need might be in conflict for what the relationship wants or needs.o So, Dialectical theory is all about the ways we use or manage dialectical tensions in order to establish a culture for the relationship. Enhancing your Interpersonal Communication Competence (Defensive vs. Supportive Relational Climate): Defensive-attempts to guard, or protect, a person from an attack. Often the result of threats, or messages that challenge the image of ourselves we want to project. AND Supportive-messages that make people feel valued and respected (180)Chapter 8: Group Communication & Leadership  Features of Small Group Communication: Group size, Interdependence, Task, Norms, Identity, Group Talk (190) Advantages vs. Disadvantages of Working in Small Groups: Advantages-Access to members’ resources, Groups offer diversity of group member opinion interms of informational diversity and value diversity, Group work encourages creativity which is the process by which members engage in idea generation that relies on the…etc. (196) Stages of Group Development: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning (202) Group Roles: An established and repetitive pattern of communicative behaviors that members expect from each other. Task roles, Building and Maintenance roles,Initiator-Contributor role, Information Giver role, Orienter role, Recorder role, Encourager and Harmonizer role (205) Managing Conflict in Groups: Handling styles- Avoiding Conflict, Dominating Conflict, Compromising Conflict, Obliging Conflict, and Integrating Conflict (213) Approaches to Leadership in Groups: Shared leadership and Counteractive Influence approach to leadership (209)Chapter 10: Communication & New Media and CIA Chapter 8: Mediated Culture Mediated Culture: The idea that the values and understandings we develop are translated through and influenced by something else (C80) Media (1st Age) vs. New Media (2nd Age): First- Electronic Tradition, includes media that requires users to make use of electronics to access content AND Second- Media Tradition, made because of the multifunctionality of new media devices such as the smartphone  Agenda Setting: Media also mediate our cultural realities by setting the agenda and frames for what we see and hear on a daily basis (C81) Co-Constitution: Idea that argues that while