Review for Exam 1 Article I COMM 1010 Chapter 1 Communication in the 21st Century 1 Communication Age Is an age in which communication technology and media converge and deeply permeate daily life 2 Convergence Refers to the ways in which the many forms of technologically mediated and face to face communication overlap and intersect our daily lives Main Effect A massive increase in the number and types of opportunities to connect with others 3 Digital Natives vs Digital Immigrants Digital Natives People for who digital technologies such as computers cell phones digital cameras and video games already existed when they were born Digital Immigrants Refer to people who have adopted and learned digital technologies later in life They ve seen firsthand how communication technologies have become more prevalent in everyday life 4 Communication Defined The collaborative process of using messages to create and participate in social reality 5 Communication Metaphors Models Transmission Interaction Transaction Social Construction Transmission One message sent from a sender to a receiver Interaction Coined by William Schram 1954 adds two components to the transmission model feedback AND field of experience Transaction Beyond relaying messages back and forth pg 15 We both act as a sender and receiver Participants are impacted by content and relationship Social Construction Stresses that communication shapes and creates the larger social realities in which we operate pg 40 Participants work together and co create meaning Messages are interpreted differently 6 Communication Competence Refers to the ability to communicate in a personally effective yet socially appropriate way Requires using messages to accomplish one s own goals and meeting the needs and expectations of others 7 Connecting Engaging Connecting Refers to the power of communication to link and relate us to people groups communities social institutions and cultures Engaging Refers to the act of sharing in the activities of the group Engaging is participating 8 Communication Activism Is direct energetic action in support of needed social change for individuals groups organization and communities Communication in Action CIA Chapter 1 Advocacy in Everyday Life 9 Public Advocacy How we communicate with others about social issues with the goal of improving our world 10 Reflexivity A way to help us better understand how we participate in social systems that may help or harm ourselves or others About critically evaluating our own actions to be able to understand why we act how our actions may be perceived by others and who is impacted by our actions both positively and negatively 11 Critical literacy dialogue speaking up alliance building Critical Literacy Form of information literacy that moves beyond the surface of the material provided to understand the motives and ideologies of the authors of a given text Ability to locate evaluate and use information effectively from a variety of sources Dialogue To engage in dialogue means listening to the other person as someone with something important to say and to the best of our ability encountering her or him with humility and generosity Activism VS Slacktivism Speaking up Means of survival in which one must stand up and face the danger of speaking up and for justice for all silent or defiant one is always in the face of inequality Alliance Building Relationships formed on the behalf of mutual interests and are essential if advocacy is to move beyond the sole purview of the practitioner and effectively engage publics external to an organization Power in number CIA Chapter 2 Rhetorical Foundations 12 Rhetoric Ancient Greece Rhetoric The art of persuasion All things are rhetoric and persuasive even when unintended Ex Clothing choices opinions shared Ancient Greece Birthplace of rhetoric Polis 13 Rhetoric as public persuasive and contextual Public Rhetoric Concerned with communicative acts preformed in front of an entire community Persuasive Dealt with arguments and debate Contextual Made use of cultural topes and narratives Modern Tropes Bless your heart or As proud Americans 14 Plato Sophists Aristotle Plato Though that Sophist persuasion was based on illusion and not reality thus it was deceptive and immoral Argued that persuasion was valuable only when it appealed to objective truth not human emotion or beliefs Sophists Taught citizens how to defend themselves and persuade an audience Didn t matter what was actually the truth They wanted to get paid Aristotle Rhetoric was argument not merely emotion Polis ought to be governed by the deliberation of many Consider ethos trustworthy pathos emotion and logos logic Chapter 2 Perception Self Communication 15 Perception defined The process of being aware of and understanding the world 16 Elements of Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Memory Selection We tune in to some messages but ignore the rest Perception begins with selecting which messages and stimuli to concentrate on and respond to Selective attention selective exposure and theory selective perception selective memory 17 18 19 20 Organization After we select which stimuli we are going to pay attention to we organize this information in a way that makes sense Schemas are mental structures developed from past experiences that help us respond to some stimuli in the future Interpretation Refers to giving meaning to information Memory What information we retain from our interactions Memories are dynamic and constantly evolving creative and social Schemas Prototype stereotypes interpersonal constructs scripts Prototype Is an image of the best example of a particular category Example We have prototypical images of a mother a police officer and a boyfriend Stereotype A generalization made to an entire group of people or situations on the basis of the observed traits of one or a few members of the group May also be positive not always negative connotations Interpersonal Constructs Bipolar dimensions of judgment used to size up people or social situations Set of opposing terms such as outgoing vs shy or friendly vs hostile Scripts Organized sequences of action that define a well known situation Example Eating at a nice restaurant Be greeted at door number of people in party booth or table drink order taken Standpoint Theory Asserts that our points of view arise from the social groups we belong to and influence how we socially construct the world Self Communication self concept self image