Experiment 1 Conservation of Momentum In this experiment you will demonstrate transfers of momentum similar to those of the Newton s Cradle system Figure 1 The velocity of a marble after impact depends on the original velocity and the mass of the objects at hand Materials 5 Marbles 2 Rulers Procedure Part 1 1 Use two rulers and make a runway between them by laying them flat on a level surface with the edges of each ruler parallel The runway should be just wide enough for the marbles to pass through 2 Line up four marbles in the center of the runway and ensure they are all touching 3 Take the other marble and place it at one end of the runway Flick it so it collides with the other marbles Observe what happens to the four stationary marbles 4 Try different speeds for flicking the marble into the four stationary marbles and observe how that changes the collision Record the number of marbles that leave the runway in Table 1 5 Repeat Steps 3 and 4 with three stationary marbles in the runway and two flicked marbles 6 Repeat Steps 3 and 4 with two stationary marbles in the runway and three flicked marbles 7 Repeat Steps 3 and 4 with one stationary marble in the runway and four flicked marbles 8 Repeat Steps 3 and 4 with a new combination of stationary marbles I the runway and flicked marbles Table 1 Collision Data Moving and Stationary Marbles Number of Flicked Number of Stationary Number of Marbles that 2014 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved Marbles Marbles Leave the Runway 1 4 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 4 1 4 Part 2 1 Use two rulers and make a runway between them by laying them flat on a level surface with the edges of each ruler parallel The runway should be just wide enough for the marbles to pass through 2 Identify one end of the runway as the left side of the runway and the other the right side of the runway 3 Line up one marble at each of the runway 4 Flick the marbles so they experience a head on elastic collision 5 After the collision record the number of marbles that leave the right and left side of the runway in Table 2 6 Try different speeds for the marbles and observe how that changes the collision 7 Repeat Steps 3 6 for the combinations of marbles in Table 2 Table 2 Collision Data Moving Marbles Number of Marbles Number of Marbles Number of Marbles that Number of Marbles that on Right Side of on Left Side of Leave the Right Side of Leave the Left Side of the Runway Runway the Runway Runway 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 4 4 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 Post Lab Questions 1 What kind of collision is exhibited by the marbles in this experiment and why 2014 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved 2 When one marble hit the end of the line of marbles how many shot off the other end Describe the momentum of the set of marbles before and after the collision assume elastic collisions 3 How did the speed of the marble that comes off the end of the line change as you increased the speed of the marble that travels down the chute Use what you know about the conservation of momentum to describe what is happening 4 What happened when you sent two marbles down the runway Is this what you predicted Explain why or why not 5 How did the result change when both marbles were moving toward each other before the collision 6 What do you predict would happen to two marbles after a collision if you slowly rolled a marble down the runway and then flicked a second marble faster in the same direction 2014 eScience Labs LLC All Rights Reserved
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