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TAMU PHYS 1401 - Lab 1 procedue and data_Julia Graham

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Experiment 1: Rulers vs. CalipersIn this experiment, you will compare the precision and accuracy measuring the same objects with a ruler and a caliper.Materials1 MarbleRulerString (1) 8 oz. Styrofoam® CupVernier Caliper1 WasherProcedureUsing the ruler, measure the diameter of the marble. Record your measurement in Table 1. 1. Indicate your uncertainty. Record the uncertainty in Table 1. 2. Repeat Steps 1 and 2 for the outer diameter of the washer, inner diameter of the washer, washer thickness, length of the string and the height of the Styrofoam® cup. 3. Repeat Steps 1 - 3 using a Vernier caliper. Table 1: Ruler and Caliper MeasurementsObjectRuler CaliperMeasurement(cm)Uncertainty(cm)Measurement(cm)Uncertainty(cm)Marble Diameter 1.0cm 0.05cm 1.20cm 0.0025cmWasher (Outer Diameter) 1.8cm 0.05cm 1.80cm 0.0025cmWasher (Inner Diameter) 0.8cm 0.05cm 0.80cm 0.0025cmWasher Thickness 0.1cm 0.05cm 0.13cm 0.0025cmString Length 5.9cm 0.05cm 5.94cm 0.0025cmStyrofoam® Cup Height 9.1cm 0.05cm 9.02cm 0.0025cmPost-Lab Questions© 2014 eScience Labs, LLC.All Rights Reserved1. Compare the measurements for objects using the ruler and caliper and write a general statement on when it is more beneficial to use a ruler rather than a caliper.Measurements on a ruler are less exact than that on a caliper. Additionally, a ruler would be amore useful when you are measuring a 2D object because the caliper does not lay smoothly against a surface. 2. Comment on accuracy vs. precision for rulers and calipers.The caliper always give a more precise and accurate reading and you can use one more decimal place because of how exact the measurements are laid out. Accuracy is how close the measurement is to the true value, and because you can measure to a smaller measurement the readings are more exact. The ruler is less exact and so is unable to provide the amount of exactness that a caliper can. 3. What are the sources of uncertainty when using a ruler and caliper?The smallest graduations on a ruler is 0.1 cm and so taking the half least count in an uncertainty you get (+/-) 0.05cm. The smallest graduations on a caliper is .05mm so using thehalf least count for this item you have an uncertainty of (+/-) 0.025mm or 0.0025cm.© 2014 eScience Labs, LLC.All Rights ReservedExperiment 2: The Spring Force ScaleBefore you begin an experiment using the spring scale, you may need to calibrate it. In this experiment, you will become familiar with how to calibrate and use the spring scale.MaterialsMass SetRoll of Masking TapeBox of Modeling ClaySingle Hole Punch 5 N Spring Scale10 N Spring ScaleStopwatchProcedureCalibrating a Spring Scale1. Hold the 5 N spring scale by the handle so that the measurement readings are right side up. This should leave the hook hanging from the bottom. 2. Observe the plunger (the plastic piece hanging from the spring) as you gently pull andrelease the hook. The top of the plunger that looks like a flat circular piece is called the indicator. 3. To calibrate the spring scale, observe the position of the indicator on the measurement scale. The indicator should rest at 0 g or 0 N when no force is applied (i.e., the hook is not being pulled on by anything). 4. If the indicator is in any position other than zero when at rest, adjust it by twisting theplastic bolt at the top of the spring scale until the indicator rests at the measurement 0 g or 0 N. 5. Repeat Steps 1 - 4 with the 10 N spring scale. Weighing a Mass1. Calibrate the 5 N spring scales if necessary. 2. Hold the spring scale upright by the metal handle and hook the stopwatch onto the spring scale hook so it freely hangs. 3. Observe how far the indicator moves on the measurement scale and record the mass in Table 2. 4. Determine and record the uncertainty in Table 2. 5. Repeat Steps 1 - 5 using the 10 N spring scale. © 2014 eScience Labs, LLC.All Rights Reserved6. Repeat Steps 1 - 6 for the box of modeling clay, roll of masking tape, and single hole punch. Table 2: Spring Scale MeasurementsObject5 N Spring ScaleWeight (g)Uncertainty (g)10 N Spring ScaleWeight (g)Uncertainty(g) Stopwatch 40g (10g/2)=5g 40g (20g/2)=10gModeling clay 470g (10g/2)=5g 460g (20g/2)=10gMasking tape 70g (10g/2)=5g 80g (20g/2)=10gHole punch 45g (10g/2)=5g 50g (20g/2)=10gPost-Lab Questions1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a spring scale to measure weight?A disadvantage is that for this particular scale you have to have a way of hanging the object without it singing about. This could be fixed by creating some sort of basket to hold items and then canceling out that weight. An advantage is that it provides a quick and easy way to measure items.2. What are sources of uncertainty when using a spring scale?The uncertainty was 5g for the 5N scale and 10g for the 10N scale. You also have to be carefulto ensure that the spring is not bouncing up and down once an object has been hung to be weighed. You must ensure that the object is suspended in the air at a stationary position. © 2014 eScience Labs, LLC.All Rights ReservedExperiment 3: The StopwatchIn this experiment, you will investigate error and uncertainty involved with using a stopwatch.Procedure1. Choose a place or object, like a table top or top of a door, from which you can constantly drop a marble at the same height.Note: Choosing an object that has a higher drop distance will be easier to time than shorter drop distances. 2. Read the directions that come with your stopwatch to become familiar with how to use and access the stopwatch mode. 3. Hold the marble at the designated drop height in one hand, and the stopwatch in the other hand. If necessary, a willing participant can help with timing or dropping the marble. 4. Drop the marble from the designated drop height and start the stopwatch at the same time. 5. Stop the stopwatch at the same time the marble hits the floor. Record the time in Table 3. 6. Repeat Steps 3 - 4 four more times, for a total of five trials. Table 3: Time Data for Dropped MarbleDrop (Trial) Time (s)1 .63 seconds© 2014 eScience Labs, LLC.All Rights Reserved Materials1 MarbleStopwatch*Constant Drop Height (Ex. Table Top or Door Frame) *You Must Provide2 .61 seconds3 .60 seconds4 .68 seconds5 .59 seconds Post-Lab Questions1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a stopwatch to measure time?A disadvantage to timing with a stopwatch is the room for human error. There is no way to completely take human error because the person has to


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TAMU PHYS 1401 - Lab 1 procedue and data_Julia Graham

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