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12 CONTENTS Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Preface .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 1: Introduction: The Nature of Science and Physics ....................................................... 13 1.2 Physical Quantities and Units .............................................................................................. 13 1.3 Accuracy, Precision, and Significant Figures ....................................................................... 14 Chapter 2: Kinematics ................................................................................................................... 16 2.1 Displacement ....................................................................................................................... 16 2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed ................................................................................................... 16 2.5 Motion Equations for Constant Acceleration in One Dimension ........................................ 18 2.7 Falling Objects ..................................................................................................................... 21 2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion ................................................................. 23 Chapter 3: Two-Dimensional Kinematics ...................................................................................... 25 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods ....................................................... 25 3.3 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Analytical Methods ....................................................... 27 3.4 Projectile Motion ................................................................................................................. 29 3.5 Addition of Velocities .......................................................................................................... 32 Chapter 4: Dynamics: Force and Newton’s Laws of Motion ........................................................ 36 4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System ..................................................... 36 4.6 Problem-Solving Strategies ................................................................................................. 37 4.7 Further Applications of Newton’s Laws of Motion ............................................................. 41 Chapter 5: Further Application of Newton’s Laws: Friction, Drag, and Elasticity ........................ 453 5.1 Friction ................................................................................................................................. 45 5.3 Elasticity: Stress and Strain ................................................................................................. 46 Chapter 6: Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation ................................................................... 49 6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity .................................................................................. 49 6.2 Centripetal Acceleration ..................................................................................................... 50 6.3 Centripetal Force ................................................................................................................. 50 6.5 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation .............................................................................. 51 6.6 Satellites and Kepler’s Laws: An Argument for Simplicity .................................................. 52 Chapter 7: Work, Energy, and Energy Resources ......................................................................... 54 7.1 Work: The Scientific Definition ........................................................................................... 54 7.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem ................................................................... 55 7.3 Gravitational Potential Energy ............................................................................................ 55 7.7 Power .................................................................................................................................. 56 7.8 Work, Energy, and Power in Humans ................................................................................. 57 Chapter 8: Linear Momentum and Collisions ............................................................................... 61 8.1 Linear Momentum and Force .............................................................................................. 61 8.2 Impulse ................................................................................................................................ 61 8.3 Conservation of Momentum ............................................................................................... 62 8.5 Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension ................................................................................. 63 8.6 Collisions of Point Masses in Two Dimensions ................................................................... 65 8.7 Introduction to Rocket Propulsion ...................................................................................... 67 Chapter 9: Statics and Torque ...................................................................................................... 69 9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium ................................................................................ 69 9.3 Stability ................................................................................................................................ 694 9.6 Forces and Torques in Muscles and Joints .......................................................................... 72 Chapter 10: Rotational Motion and Angular Momentum ............................................................ 73 10.1 Angular Acceleration ......................................................................................................... 73 10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia .......................................................... 74 10.4 Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited .................................................... 76 10.5 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
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