Experiment 1: Distance Traveled by a ProjectileIn this experiment, you will use kinematic equations to predict the range of a projectile set in motion. To do this, you will roll marbles down a ramp and off a table to observe vertical and horizontal motion.MaterialsSheet of Carbon Paper1 Fishing SinkerMasking Tape1 MarbleMonofilament Line1 Protractor1 Ramp Sheet of Printer PaperTape Measure*Pencil*Table*You Must ProvideNote: You will need to construct the ramp(provided in your lab kit) prior to beginningthe experiment. To do this, complete thefollowing steps:Ramp Set-Up (Figure 4)1. Separate the two pieces; one long andnarrow piece to provide the ramp, andone wider piece to provide the base. 2. Fold the wider section along theperforations to form a triangularstand. 3. Insert the tab through the slot to construct a triangular stand (Figure 4, Part 2). 4. Insert the tab on long, narrow piece into one of three slots on the triangular stand. Different slots correspond to different inclines. Procedure© 2014 eScience Labs, LLC.All Rights Reserved Figure 4: Ramp set-up diagram.1. Find a table upon which to perform the experiment. Place the ramp so that its bottomedge is positioned at the edge of the table. You will be rolling marbles down the rampand off the table in this experiment. 2. Use a protractor to measure the incline of your ramp. Record the incline in Table 1. 3. Use a pencil to mark three different locations on the ramp at which you will release the marble. This will ensure the marble achieves the same velocity with each trial.Hint: Use locations near the top, middle and bottom of the ramp. 4. Create a plumb line by attaching the fishing sinker to the monofilament line. 5. Hold the string to the edge of the table, and use a piece of masking tape to mark the spot at which the weight touches the ground.Note: The length of the plumb line will help you measure the exact distance from the edge of the ramp to the position where the marble “lands”. 6. Begin the experiment by releasing the marble from the first position you marked on the ramp in Step 3. In other words, release the marble from the highest position which you marked on the ramp. 7. Carefully observe where the marble hits the ground and place a piece of white printerpaper at that location. Secure the paper to the ground with a small piece of masking tape. Make sure the paper can moved when the different ramp positions are tested. Try to center the printer paper over the spot where the marble hit the floor. 8. Set the carbon paper on the printer paper so that the light side faces up. When the marble hits the carbon paper, it will leave a mark on the printer paper. 9. Place the marble at the same drop mark you just tested and release it. 10. Observe and measure the distance traveled to the first mark made on the printer paper using the tape measure. The mark may be faint, but it will be visible. Record this value in Table 1. 11. Once you have recorded the distance in Table 1, put an “X” over the mark you just measured so you do not reuse it. 12. Repeat Steps 9 - 10 three more times and record your data in Table 1. 13. Repeat Steps 6 - 12 for the remaining two ramp distances you marked in Step 2. Record you results for the second ramp distance in Table 2, and the third ramp distance in Table 3. 14. Save the printer paper. The unused side will be used in the next experiment. Table 1: Range and Velocity of Projectile at Ramp Distance 1Ramp Incline (degrees) 25 degrees© 2014 eScience Labs, LLC.All Rights ReservedRamp Distance (m):0.355 Table height: .714 mTrial Measured Distance (m)1 .854 m2 .859 m3 .855 m4 .858 mAverage .857 mTable 2: Range and Velocity of Projectile at Ramp Distance 2Ramp Distance (m):0.236 m Table height:0.714Trial Measured Distance (m)1 .4262 .4213 .4234 .427Average .424Table 3: Range and Velocity of Projectile at Ramp Distance 3Ramp Distance (m):0.174 m Table height:0.714Trial Measured Distance (m)1 .3422 .3543 .3484 .346Average .348© 2014 eScience Labs, LLC.All Rights ReservedPost-Lab Questions1. Use your predictions of velocity and range from the Pre-Lab Questions and the data recorded from your experiment to complete Table 4.Table 4: Velocity and Range Data for all Ramp DistancesRamp Distance (m)Calculatedvelocity (m/s)Predicted Range(m)Average ActualRange (m)Percent Error 0.355 1.74 .661 .857 30.4% 0.236 1.40 .532 .424 20.6% 0.174 1.20 .463 .348 24.1%2. How do your predictions compare to the observed data? Explain at least two reasons for the differences.My predicted ranges were both lower than the actual average range and higher than the actual average range. This could have been errors in the procedure. The marble could have not started at the exact mark on the ramp or there could have been measurement errors.3. If you were to fire a paintball pellet horizontally and at the same time drop the same type of paintball pellet you fired from the paintball gun, which pellet would hit the ground first and why is this so?Both pellets would hit the ground at the same time because both pellets would have the same acceleration due to gravity. The vertical initial velocity for both pellets are 0 and the acceleration for each is 9.8 meters per second squared. It is constant downward.4. Suppose you altered your existing ramp so that the marbles had twice their initial velocity right before leaving the ramp. How would this change the total distance traveled and the time that the marbles were in the air?The height and time would stay constant. The range would increase.© 2014 eScience Labs, LLC.All Rights Reserved5. Describe the acceleration of the marbles after it leaves the ramp. Use kinematic equations to support your discussion.a = g*sinθ = 9.8*sin(25)=4.14 meters per second squared.This is the acceleration of the marbles after it leaves the ramp because the accelerations for vertical and horizontal are the same. Only the acceleration is affected by gravity.© 2014 eScience Labs, LLC.All Rights
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