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TAMU POLS 207 - POLS207 Review Sheet 3

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State and Local GovernmentReview Sheet – Exam 3 – Ch. 14, 16, 171. What is gross domestic product?The sum of all the goods and services produced in the US in a year is known asa. total domestic developmentb. entire domestic productionc. gross market productiond. gross domestic product2. What are progressive taxes?Taxes that require high-income groups to pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes than low-income groups are said to bea. unfairb. progressivec. regressived. proportional3. What are regressive taxes?Taxes that disproportionately affect low-income groups are said to bea. unfairb. progressivec. regressived. proportional4. What are the different sources of tax revenue for both state & local governments?The most important revenue sources for local & state governments, respectively, area. property taxes and income taxesb. income taxes and property taxesc. property taxes and sales taxesd. sales taxes and corporate taxes5. How are property tax exemptions used?The controversial property tax exemption used as an inducement to encourage this sector to relocate to a community applies toa. religious organizationb. business and industriesc. educational facilitiesd. charitable organizations6. Which taxes are considered regressive?The state tax considered the most regressive is thea. sales taxb. property taxc. income taxd. all of the above7. What are excise taxes?Excise taxes are often places ona. cigarettesb. alcoholc. gasd. all of the above8. Why do states look to keep their corporate taxes low?All of the following are endorsements for a corporate income tax EXCEPT a. these taxes are popular with voters. b. individuals indirectly pay corporate taxes. c. high corporate taxes may cause industries to relocate to a less costly area. d. None of the above. A compelling argument against higher state corporate taxes is the possibility that such taxes willa. be charged back in the form of lower consumer prices. b. cause corporations to relocate to another state. c. encourage future economic growth. d. entice more corporations to relocate to the area. 9. What is meant by tax burden?The term used to identify the proportion of taxes paid in relation to personal income is the a. tax burdenb. tax disabilityc. tax shelterd. tax weight10. Which level of government is affected the most by limitations on taxation?The consequences of tax limits have most affected the operations of a. federal government. b. state government. c. local governments. d. international governments. 11. How do most Americans feel about taxes?Popular dislike of taxesa. rises with increases in real levels of taxationb. rises exponentially when state income taxes are above 4 percentc. rises when sales tax levels are above five percentd. all of the above12. What are debt ceilings?State constitutions may place restrictions on state debts, limiting the total amountof money that a government can borrow, in the form ofa. capital financesb. debt ceilings c. bond referendad. state loans13. Know the different types of bondsThose bonds issued by state and local governments that are backed by the full faith and credit of the government that issued them are known asa. general obligation bondsb. revenue bondsc. industrial development bondsd. municipal bondsThose bonds issued by state and local governments that are not guaranteed by the issuing government but are instead backed by whatever revenues the projectitself anticipates are calleda. general obligation bondsb. revenue bondsc. industrial development bondsd. municipal bondsThose revenue bonds issue by a municipality to obtain funds to purchase land and build facilities for private businesses are referred to asa. general obligation bondsb. revenue bondsc. industrial development bondsd. municipal bonds14. How is academic performance measured?Which if the following is the most meaningful measure of an educational system’s academic performances?a. financial stabilityb. ability to retain and graduate its studentsc. diversity enrollmentsd. number of winning athletic teams15. What are magnet schools?High schools that specialize in certain fields, often to attract white students to the inner-city and reduce racial isolation, are calleda. integrated schoolsb. magnet schoolsc. specialty schoolsd. charter schools16. What are charter schools?Schools operated with public funds by private community groups under a contract with the public school district are calleda. charter schoolsb. educational voucher plansc. district schoolsd. magnet schoolsCharter schoolsa. allow innovation but require administrators to show specific student achievementb. restrict innovation and require administrators to show specific student achievementc. are private schools with no accountabilityd. are based upon specific religions17. When can money be given to religious educational institutions?Public aid to religious educational institutions is constitutional when a. advancing a religious mission. b. provided as a direct subsidy. c. money is given for religious instruction. d. the aid program is neutral with respect to religion. 18. What are the criticisms of No Child Left Behind?No Child Left Behind has been criticized in all of the following ways EXCEPTa. testing leads to boredom and higher dropout ratesb. testing leads to narrow test-taking education rather than broad preparation for lifec. testing requires teachers to devote more time to coaching students how to pass an exam than preparing them for productive livesd. tests were racially based19. How do states ensure local compliance with state educational policy?The states ensure local compliance with state educational policy in all of the following ways EXCEPTa. selecting members of local school boardsb. bureaucratic oversightc. involvement of state boards of education, state commissioners, and state departments of educationd. financial control through state allocation of funds to local school district20. What body typically controls education within a state?Typically, state control over education was vested ina. the governor’s officeb. the secretary of statec. state educational accountability boardsd. state boards of education21. Where do most schools get their revenue from?Most school revenues are derived froma. federal grantsb. state allocationsc. local property taxesd. state sales taxes22. What do school superintendents do?Which of the following is NOT a major responsibility of school supers?a. setting the agenda for school board decisionsb. making


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