Question 11 / 1 ptsA person following a liberal ideology would likely approve of: reduced rights of public association. increased levels of state capacity. economic equality among citizens. a low degree of state autonomy. reduced competition among individuals.Question 21 / 1 ptsEthnic identity can be defined as: a set of institutions that bind people together through a common culture. geographic differences between people. a set of linguistic differences between otherwise similar people. a set of economic differences interconnected with cultural values. a set of biological elements that separate people by race.Question 31 / 1 ptsWhich of the following concepts or phenomena was first and most directly connected to state development? extensions of citizenship to multiple ethnic groups increased calls for sovereignty growing ethnic identity growing national identity written languageQuestion 41 / 1 ptsFollowing from the work of Bruce Lawrence, fundamentalism can be defined as: an ideology that seeks to unite religion with the state. a high degree of religious orthodoxy. a desire to return a society to its premodern roots. any deeply held value that combines political and religious views. the use of violence toward religious ends.Question 51 / 1 ptsWhich of the following statements about citizenship, national identity, and patriotism is accurate? Citizenship is much less variable than national or ethnic identity. Citizenship is rigid in scope and power, unlike ethnic or national identity. Citizenship is likely to be more flexible than ethnic identity. High degrees of national identity necessarily spark high degrees of patriotism. Patriotism typically gives rise to more inclusive citizenship.Question 61 / 1 ptsConservatives are those in the political spectrum who favor: restoring structures that once existed. little or no change to existing institutions. revolutionary change of the status quo. lower taxes. evolutionary change of the status quo.Question 71 / 1 ptsPolitical culture can be defined as: the views of a society toward the role of culture and its place in politics. how politicians conduct their campaigns. the level of political modernization in a country. temporary political values held during times of sudden change. a society’s norms for political activity.Question 81 / 1 ptsWhich of the following concepts is held in common by both communist ideology and liberal and social democratic ideology but is lacking in fascist ideology? a rejection of the notion of the state a belief in high state capacity a belief in the value of competition among individuals a desire for high state autonomy a belief in the potential of individualsQuestion 91 / 1 ptsIn Ronald Inglehart’s conception of political culture, what form of society stands in opposition to a traditional society? religious or fundamental modernistic nationalistic nation-state secular-rationalQuestion 101 / 1 ptsPower sharing as a way to solve ethnic and national conflict: typically reverses processes of devolution. almost always results in a federalist structure. sometimes causes concern about “freezing” group divisions. must be accompanied by international intervention in order to work. has usually led to authoritarianism.Question 111 / 1 ptsCitizenship is best defined as: economic obligations that a person has to the state, such as taxation. formal participation in democratic processes, such as voting. dual ethnic and nationalistic loyalty to a sovereign state. an individual’s or a group’s relation to the state. formal recognition of an ethnic group by the state.Question 121 / 1 ptsRadicals are those in the political spectrum who favor: the status quo. evolutionary change of the status quo. restoring structures that once existed. dramatic change of the existing order. the elimination of private property and an end to class divisions.Question 131 / 1 ptsWhich of the following concepts is inherently political? custom nation language society ethnicityQuestion 141 / 1 ptsA state that encompasses one dominant nation that it claims to embody and represent is known as: a patriotic state. a citizen state. a devolved state. an ethnic polity. a nation-state.Question 151 / 1 ptsAscription occurs when: a particular quality or characteristic is assigned at birth. national identity becomes powerful enough to weaken ethnic identities. ethnic conflict enhances ethnic divisions. one ethnicity develops negative stereotypes about a rival ethnicity. ethnic identity becomes intertwined with the pursuit of sovereignty.Question 161 / 1 ptsWhich of the following is one of the two most important components of national identity? self-government legitimacy ethnicity equality devolutionQuestion 171 / 1 ptsWhich of the following statements about fundamentalism is accurate? Piety and violence are strongly associated with fundamentalism. Fundamentalists reject concepts of collective equality and individual freedom. As a form of ideology, fundamentalism predates all other ideologies.Fundamentalists have a wide spectrum of views on the balance between freedom and equality.Fundamentalism’s turn away from reactionary attitudes and toward radical attitudes often leads to association with violence.Question 181 / 1 ptsReactionaries are those in the political spectrum who favor: the status quo. evolutionary change of the status quo. restoring structures and values that they believe once existed. revolutionary change of the status quo. a racist political system.Question 191 / 1 ptsWhich of the following statements about ethnicity is accurate? People typically choose their ethnicities through a cultural adoption process. Ascription typically reduces ethnic solidarity through culture clash. Language often spans across ethnicities and reduces ethnic cohesion.Ethnic solidarity can lessen willingness to share resources with groups that are ethnically different. Ethnic designations typically dissolve social solidarity.Question 201 / 1 ptsWhich of the following statements about fundamentalism is accurate? Fundamentalists reject reactionary attitudes for radical ones. Fundamentalists seek to solve the problems of the modern world. Most fundamentalists embrace violent means to change the status quo. Most fundamentalists emphasize collective equality. Fundamentalism is a single form of ideology.Question 211 / 1 ptsWhich of the following best characterizes the nature of the conflict of recent years in Afghanistan? national