Review 3 1. Match the general type of biochemical reaction catalyzed in the left column with the class of enzyme listed in the column on the right. ___ removes a phosphate group from a molecule A. ATPase ___ hydrolyzes ATP B. polymerase ___ hydrolyzes bonds between nucleotides C. ligase ___ adds phosphate groups to molecules D. kinase ___ catalyzes reactions in which one molecule is E. isomerase oxidized and another is reduced F. nuclease ___ hydrolyzes peptide bonds G. oxido-reductase ___ joins two ends of DNA together H. protease ___ catalyzes the synthesis of polymers such as I. phosphatase RNA and DNA ___ rearranges bonds within a single molecule 2. Any substance that will bind to a protein is known as its __________________. Enzymes bind their __________________ at the __________________. Enzymes catalyze a chemical reaction by lowering the __________________, because they provide conditions favorable for the formation of a __________________ intermediate called the __________________. Once the reaction is completed, the enzyme releases the __________________ of the reaction. activation energy inhibitors products active site isomers substrates free energy ligand transition state high-energy low-energy 3. The active site of an enzyme usually occupies only a small fraction of the enzyme surface (True or False) 4. Catalysis by some enzymes involves the formation of a covalent bond between an amino acid side chain and a substrate molecule. (True or False) 5. Allosteric enzymes have two or more binding sites. (True or False) 6. The specificity of an antibody molecule is contained exclusively in loops on the surface of the folded light-chain domain. (True or False) 7. Affinity chromatography separates molecules according to their intrinsic charge. (True or False) 8. Feedback inhibition M N O P Q R 1 2 3 4 51). The final product, R, will most likely inhibit which reaction? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 2). Which two enzymes would be the most likely ones to regulate if this pathway is freely reversible and can go both ways? a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 1 and 5 d. 2 and 4 e. 4 and 5 9. Fill in the blanks with the labels in the list below to identify various parts of the antibody structure in Figure. 10. The human immune system produces __________________ of different immunoglobulins, also called __________________, which enable the immune system to recognize and fight germs by specifically binding one or a few related __________________. The hypervariable structural element that forms the ligand-binding site is comprised of several __________________. Purified antibodies are useful for a variety of experimental purposes, including protein purification using __________________ chromatography. affinity billions ligands antibodies coiled-coils loops antigens hundreds size-exclusion β strands ion-exchange 11. Regulation of protein function - Amount of protein - Location of protein - Modification of protein activity (by modifying the protein’s shape) o feedback inhibition of allosteric proteins o positive regulation of allosteric proteins o protein phosphorylation o other covalent modifications of proteins o binding of GTP o binding and hydrolysis of ATP A. constant domain of the light chain B. constant domain of the heavy chain C. antigen-binding site D. variable domain of the heavy chain E. variable domain of the light
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