Newspapers Part II – Modern NewspaperingThe Press in AmericaNewspapers Part II – Modern Newspapering- The Press in Americao 1850-1900: Expansion/Frontier Press Railroad expanding Telegraph lines Advertising Advocating ‘community’- POSSIBLE EXAM QUESTIONo What did not play a role in the development of the “expansion pioneer press”? The development of muckraking- Yellow Journalism Era: 1880s-1920so Joseph Pulitzer – New York World (1883) St Louis Post-Dispatch – 1878 New Journalism Crusades and sensationalism ‘Pulitzer Prize’o William Randolph Hearst – New York Journalo Contradictory Characteristics Sensationalism Investigative reporting/watchdogo Nellie Bly Real Name: Elizabeth Cochrane ‘Stunt girl’ for Pulitzer’s New York World Exposed conditions in insane asylumo The ‘Yellow Kid’ “Hogan’s Alley” Yellow ink Hearst hires the Hogan’s Alley artist (before copyright) Pulitzer finds another artist who mimics the same comic Symbol of sensational journalismo Leaving “Yellow” Behind New York Times Competed with yellows Strategy: credibility, not sensationalism Targeted rich at first Dropped price to have bigger audience - Modern Newspapers Era 1930-1980so 1880: 973 dailieso 1920: 2,042 dailies o Major metropolitanso Small town dallieso Suburban weeklieso Underground presso Ethnic/foreign press- Newspaper Consolidationo Three Causes (multi-platform press’ era 1990s-present)o Loss of ad revenue, due to competition (can’t charge as much foronline ads)o Rising production costso Economic conditions Great Depression 1930s Recessions- Competition Since 1920so From Radio: Drew away readers Dependence on quick news Newspaper ad revenues dropped 1/3 (1920-1950)- Competition from TV/Online Sources Continueso Leaves breaking news to TV--- Online Newspaperso Good2 Low production cost Worldwide audience Multi-platforms (text, audio, video, links, commentary)o Bad Advertisers wont pay as much for digital  People don’t want to pay for