Chapter 1 Vocabulary– CD001Sociocultural: VygotskyBehavior Modification: combines conditioning and modeling to rid of unwanted behaviorsDev. Cog. Neuroscience: studies brain change and cog/behavioral aspectsBehaviorism: directly observable eventsWatson: baby Albert; classical conditioning applied to children (behaviorism)Skinner: operant conditioning; reinforce (behaviorism)Normative Approach: measures of behavior taken on individuals and age related averages are found; represents typical development (Gessel)Social Learning: Bandura; modelingJames Mark Baldwin: said nature and nurture are of equal weight, children actively revise thinking, and that a child and his/her social surroundings affect each otherEthology: adaptive behavior and its history; critical period (biologically prepared for certain behaviors) and sensitive period (optimal for certain capacities to develop)Evolutionary: adaptive values of species; understand behavior origins and developmentEco Systems Theory: Bronfenbrenner; child developing within system of relationships affected by surrounding environmentMicro (EST): immediate surroundings; directMeso (EST): interactions between microsExo (EST): social settings without children that still affect themMacro (EST): cultural values, laws, etc.Chrono (EST): life change imposed on child or arisen from child (children are both produces and products of environment)Psychoanalytic: children go through stages with conflicts between biological drive and social expectationsPsychosexual: Freud; how parents manage sexual/aggressive behaviors of child is crucial; id ego superego; oral anal genital; didn't apply to all cultures; never studied children directlyPsychosocial: Erikson; id ego superego; 1st to recognize lifespan development; understood in relation to cultureCognitive Dev. Theory: children actively construct knowledge; revise incorrect ideasPiaget: sensorimotor, preoperational (no logic, make believe play), concrete operational (object pertinence), formal operational (abstract logic & systematic reasoning)Chapter 1 Vocabulary– CD001- Sociocultural: Vygotsky - Behavior Modification: combines conditioning and modeling to rid of unwanted behaviors - Dev. Cog. Neuroscience: studies brain change and cog/behavioral aspects - Behaviorism: directly observable events - Watson: baby Albert; classical conditioning applied to children (behaviorism) - Skinner: operant conditioning; reinforce (behaviorism) - Normative Approach: measures of behavior taken on individuals andage related averages are found; represents typical development (Gessel) - Social Learning: Bandura; modeling - James Mark Baldwin: said nature and nurture are of equal weight, children actively revise thinking, and that a child and his/her social surroundings affect each other - Ethology: adaptive behavior and its history; critical period (biologically prepared for certain behaviors) and sensitive period (optimal for certain capacities to develop) - Evolutionary: adaptive values of species; understand behavior origins and development - Eco Systems Theory: Bronfenbrenner; child developing within system of relationships affected by surrounding environment - Micro (EST): immediate surroundings; direct - Meso (EST): interactions between micros - Exo (EST): social settings without children that still affect them - Macro (EST): cultural values, laws, etc. - Chrono (EST): life change imposed on child or arisen from child (children are both produces and products of environment) - Psychoanalytic: children go through stages with conflicts between biological drive and social expectations - Psychosexual: Freud; how parents manage sexual/aggressive behaviors of child is crucial; id ego superego; oral anal genital; didn't apply to all cultures; never studied children directly - Psychosocial: Erikson; id ego superego; 1st to recognize lifespan development; understood in relation to culture - Cognitive Dev. Theory: children actively construct knowledge; revise incorrect ideas - Piaget: sensorimotor, preoperational (no logic, make believe play), concrete operational (object pertinence), formal operational (abstract logic & systematic