Psychoanalysis – Carl Jung and Alfred AdlerCarl Jung (1875-1961)Carl JungSlide 4Slide 5Analytical Psychology vs. PsychoanalysisSlide 7The Collective UnconsciousArchetypesSlide 10Introversion and ExtraversionPsychological Types: The Functions and AttitudesJung’s Contribution to PsychologySlide 14Alfred Adler (1870-1937)Alfred AdlerSlide 17Slide 18Individual PsychologyIndividual Psychology vs. PsychoanalysisInferiorityStyle of LifeThe Creative Power of the SelfBirth OrderCriticisms of AdlerContributions to PsychologyDiscussion QuestionsSlide 28Slide 29Slide 30WEDNESDAY, APRIL 15TH, 2015PSYCHOANALYSIS – CARL JUNG AND ALFRED ADLERCARL JUNG (1875-1961)•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKnsZ4QpswgCARL JUNG•Grew up as an unhappy child in Switzerland•Had an angry father and an emotionally disordered mother•Thus, he grew up with trust issues and turned to the study of the unconscious•He relied heavily on his unconscious, basing major life decisions on what happened in his dreams•Got his M.D., got married, and resigned from the university so he could follow his own agendaCARL JUNG•Didn’t do the whole couch thing – actually sat in a chair across from his patients•Fell in love with Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams, and shortly after reaching out to him, they began a very close father-son type relationship–Oedipal complex?•Despite this, Jung was always a critical admirer of Freud’s work, and their relationship ended in 1914CARL JUNG•Had a mid-life crisis marked by violent and apocalyptical dreams•By greater analysis of himself at this time, he was able to come up with some of his greatest theorizing about personality•Unlike Freud, who thought that childhood was the most formative and important time of life, Jung concluded from this that middle-age was also very importantANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY VS. PSYCHOANALYSIS•Autobiographically speaking, Jung had no room for the Oedipal complex in his theories – he was repulsed by his mother•He also had no adult sexual dysfunction or other such issues•Loved a good affair, especially with colleagues and patients•“To Jung, who freely and frequently satisfied his sexual needs, sex played a minimal role in human motivation. To Freud, beset by frustrations and anxious about his thwarted desires, sex played the central role” (Schultz, 1990, p. 148)ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY VS. PSYCHOANALYSIS•Freud and Jung differ on the importance of interpersonal relationships – loner Jung didn’t emphasize them much•Freud thought libido was mostly sexual, Jung emphasized libido as a generalized life energy that was not limited to sex•Freud thought we were passive victims to our childhood events, Jung thought we could shape ourselves with our goals, hopes, and aspirations for the future•Jung would add the collective unconscious as another way to get at the unconscious mindTHE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS•Personal unconscious: the reservoir of material that once was conscious but has been forgotten or suppressed •Collective unconscious: the deepest level of the psyche; contains inherited experiences of human and pre-human speciesARCHETYPES•Archetypes are inherited tendencies within the collective unconscious that dispose a person to behave similarly to ancestors who confronted similar situations•Found evidence for these archetypes in the study of ancient cultures and in the analysis of people’s dreamsARCHETYPES•Persona: the mask each of us wears when we come in contact with other people•Anima: the feminine characteristics in a man•Animus: the masculine characteristics in a woman •Shadow: the animalistic part of personality, our darker self that is inherited from lower life forms•The Self: balances all aspects of the unconscious, providing the personality with unity and stability that motivates us toward self-actualization (usually around 30-40 years of age)INTROVERSION AND EXTRAVERSION•Extravert: directs libido outside the self to external events and people•Introvert: directs libido inward•Both exist in everyone, but to varying degrees that can change with circumstancePSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES: THE FUNCTIONS AND ATTITUDES•Jung proposed functions that combine with introversion/extraversion attitudes - they influence how we orient ourselves to the objective external world and to the subjective internal world–Thinking (rational): a conceptual process that provides meaning and understanding–Feeling (rational): a subjective process of weighing and valuing–Sensing (non-rational): the conscious perception of physical objects–Intuiting (non-rational): unconscious perceptionJUNG’S CONTRIBUTION TO PSYCHOLOGY•Jung’s methods and criticisms were similar to those of Freud•He wasn’t a very good writer, and his theory wasn’t very well-organized, so he wasn’t published a lot in academic sources•Still, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Hans Eysenck’s Maudsley Personality Inventory were based in Jung’s work–Introversion and extraversion are widely accepted in psychology todayJUNG’S CONTRIBUTION TO PSYCHOLOGY•The mid-life crisis and self-actualization continued to be studied•Unfortunately, most of his other subject matter (complexes, archetypes, and collective unconscious) don’t’ lend themselves to scientific study•You can still be trained in Jungian analysis!•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q9Re6YD22MALFRED ADLER (1870-1937)ALFRED ADLER•Was born to wealthy parents in Vienna, but had an unhappy childhood•He would go on to reject the Oedipal complex, perhaps because he always felt closer to his father than to his mother•Was not a good student, but worked very hard to compensate and rose to the top of his class•Went on to medical school and joined Freud’s discussion group on psychoanalysis in 1902ALFRED ADLER•Split with Freud in 1911 because his personality differed too greatly from Freud’s•After serving some time as a doctor in the Austrian army, he moved to New York to be a professor of psychology and developed his social psychological system, called individual psychologyALFRED ADLER•He was a great figure for psychology – warm and genuine; this personality helped his theories to be accessible to the public•Died in Scotland while on a rigorous speaking tour•“I don’t understand your sympathy for Adler. For a Jewish boy out of a Viennese suburb, a death in Aberdeen is an unheard-of-career in itself and a proof of how far he had got on. The world really
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