PSYCHOANALYSIS NEOFREUDIANS MONDAY APRIL 13TH 2015 COMPETING FACTIONS Much to Freud s chagrin psychoanalysis was not a monopoly for long this has been the case for all of our brands of psychology thus far Before we get into those that Freud would disown we ll talk about two psychologists who extended his work Both elaboration and opposition forces we will see stem from Freud s work THE NEO FREUDIANS Neo Freudians or those who extended Freud s work mostly expanded the concept of the ego With Neo Freudians the ego was more independent of the id and free of its demands Infantile sexuality and the Oedipus complex were minimized in favor of psychosocial factors ANNA FREUD 1895 1982 ANNA FREUD The leader of the Neo Freudians The youngest of Freud s six kids and the only one to follow in his footsteps Grew up a daddy s girl and developed an interest in Freud s work when she was 14 He spent four years analyzing her dreams he was criticized for this Dedicated her life to psychoanalysis forgoing marriage or children CHILD ANALYSIS Anna s goal was to extend psychoanalytic therapy to children with emotional disturbances She developed the use of play materials and observation of children in the home setting Established a treatment center in London that attracted many clinical psychologists and the Anna Freud Centre in London continues her work today EGO PSYCHOLOGY Revised Freud s original psychoanalytic theory to expand the role of ego functioning independently of the id 1936 She did a lot of work on clarifying defense mechanisms and how they protect the ego Ego psychology would become a popular way to practice psychoanalysis during the 1940s through 1970s Didn t refute Freud s theory really BUT It was simpler than Freudian psychology with more emphasis on scientifically operationalizing the ego and encouraging experimentation MELANIE KLEIN 1882 1960 MELANIE KLEIN An unwanted child suffered from lifelong depression Had difficult relationships with her own children OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY Freud had called any person object or activity that satisfies an instinct an object Freud had focused more on the instinctual drive for the objects O R theory focuses on the interpersonal relationships with these objects MOTHER AND CHILD Klein emphasized the intense bond between mother and child especially between birth and 6 months of age This bond was not sexual but social and cognitive The mother s breast was the first part object for a baby and it is judged as good when it satisfies the hunger of the id This later extends to the mother as a person and eventually other people This happens with increased exposure to other part objects in the child s life judged as satisfying or hostile How the personality develops depends a lot on those first six months O R theorists emphasize the need for the child to break free of the primary object the mother in order to establish a strong sense of self and to relate to other objects people KAREN HORNEY 1885 1952 http www youtube com watch v KLOUyR99cjI KAREN HORNEY Born in Germany to parents who really didn t like each other very much Felt a lot of inferiority in her childhood mostly stemming from a lack of love from her parents Went to medical school had a family and became very depressed She had many affairs most notably with psychoanalyst Erich Fromm When that ended her analyst told her that she was living out her Oedipal complex KAREN HORNEY This didn t help her much and she decided to play up her masculine superiority through promiscuity and her career She eventually learned to deal with herself by her lonesome and went into private practice for psychoanalysis She eventually broke with Freud and pioneered psychology for the female personality eventually moving to the U S DISAGREEMENTS WITH FREUD Horney didn t like Freud s ideas about the dominance of sexual factors the Oedipal complex libido or the three part personality She did like unconscious and non rational motivation but didn t think we were doomed because of them She argued that women don t have penis envy but men have womb envy Womb envy jealousy of women s ability to give birth men compensate by keeping women inferior in society BASIC ANXIETY Basic anxiety a fundamental part of Horney s theory the feeling a child has of being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world Horney 1945 p 41 This is not innate but results from social forces of parental interactions with the child She thought early life was formative and important but also that it continued to change throughout the lifespan due to social forces not in universal psychosexual phases NEUROTIC NEEDS If the child is unable to get out of this basic anxiety neurosis can result as a way to defend against the anxiety Came up with three trends for neurotic needs 1 The compliant personality one who needs to move toward others expressing needs for approval affection and a dominant partner 2 The detached personality one who needs to move away from people expressing needs for independence perfection and withdrawal 3 The aggressive personality one who needs to move against people expressing needs for power exploitations prestige admiration and achievement These don t really help with the anxiety but they are considered ways of coping with it that tend to turn into a strong personality style THE IDEALIZED SELF IMAGE A common side effect of neurosis is expecting an idealized self image which gets in the way of accepting the true self Neurosis ignores internal conflicts and plays up this idealized self image that is better than the true self CRITICISMS OF HORNEY Methodologically she received many of the same critiques as Freud Freud thought she was too busy wishing she had a penis to get anything right Few of her concepts have been studied experimentally CONTRIBUTIONS TO PSYCHOLOGY The feminist movement of the 60s loved Horney She is best known for her feminist position and a lot of her writing is still relevant today Especially her work on motherhood vs career You can still be trained in her style IN CONCLUSION These women extended Freud s work by minimizing determinism maximizing the role of the ego and extending psychoanalysis in their own unique ways Anna Freud to children Melanie Klein to objects relations with others Karen Hornay to women DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Broadly how did Neo Freudians change psychoanalysis DISCUSSION QUESTIONS What changes did Anna Freud introduce to psychoanalysis DISCUSSION QUESTIONS How did Melanie Klein s brand of
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