BIOB 110CS 1st Edition Exam 3 Study Guide Lectures 13 19 Lecture 13 Plants are closely related to their and seed dispersers and fruits encourage animals to help disperse seeds plants that use wind water animals insects for pollination flowers that are pollinated by only one kind of animal or insect plants have flowers that generate heat which volatizes more odors to attract pollinators Lecture 14 A perfect flower has both the male and female parts Female parts are Males parts are Fruits are mature plant and can be simple or complex Berries have one or more containing one or more seeds have only one seed enclosed in a pit usually poison to deter animals from digesting this part of the fruit Hesperidiums are berries with a Pomes have flesh that comes from petal and sepal Lecture 15 These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute A seed develops from a fertilized egg and contains the and seed storage tissue grains rice oatmeal popcorn grits fiber breakfast foods anti cholesterol starch gluten proteins white flour embryo lipids health food additive stalk Lecture 16 are the primary sites of photosynthesis and water movement Node part of the where leaves and branches connect area between the nodes Leaves can be alternate opposite or Phloem living cells that transport the products of dead cells that transport the water and nutrients Lecture 17 Water and nutrients move passively through the Transpiration Hypothesis how water gets to the top of a tree Animals have determinate growth predetermined organs and symmetry Plants have indeterminate growth adjustable organ production and timing plasticity and phyllotaxy Growth is due to cell elongation controlled by and cell division in primary meristems Wood is layers of and laid between adjacent cellulose cell walls In mature trees 99 of the tissue is dead made of Bark and cork are made of lignin phenolics and wax and tannins phenolics ling up the vascular cambium The first sign of germination is when the primary root extends Root absorb things in the soil and are constantly moving to explore the soil Lecture 18 seed dispersal the seed is ejected from the plant wisteria and mistletoe use this Self burial seeds such as wild oat seeds will bury themselves into the ground using a geniculate ABA abscisic acid peaks during embryogenesis induces dormancy helps maintain GA gibberellic acid synthesized during breaks dormancy in some species controls dormancy release C2H4 relieves dormancy in some species Presence of chemical inhibitors usually in seed coat mostly compounds protects against pathogens relieved by water leaching true embryo dormancy dormancy is controlled by unknown factors in the Lecture 19 contains all info needed for an organisms gene expression confers individuality to a cell turns on different genes Adenine pairs with and pairs with guanine DNA strands in a helix are lower strand is the reverse complement of the upper strand DNA polymerase makes polymers is an enzyme carries out Errors made by DNA polymerase UV radiation x rays gamma rays chemical mutagens dioxin all can cause Transcription happens first followed by RNA uses U instead of T thymine The controls where when and how much of the gene is made intervene sequence are in eukaryotic genes and have to be removed from the nucleus before mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm Exon sequence that exit the Mature mRNAs are translated into proteins by ribosomes and is in groups of three called codons encode start signals amino acids and stop signals