Biob 110 1st Edition Lecture 5 Plant Taxonomy and Classification Why do we classify plants 1 To avoid confusion 2 Universally recognized the scientific name is the same all over the world whereas the common name differs in other countries 3 Understand evolution 4 Protect biodiversity Life On Earth Anthropocentric View from human view point we see the species scape with us as a major focus point along with other large mammals and trees Species scape relative importance or abundance The realistic view insects plants and microorganisms make up the vast majority of species on Earth Biodiversity we have identified over 1 8 million of the 5 to 100 million species on Earth Why are there so species on Earth And where did they all come from The traditional tree of life should not be a tree but a shrub because the different species are much more intermingled Species overlap due to evolution Taxonomy is a system that organizes and classifies organisms using Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species 1 Domain broadest of the classification system The three most inclusive groups of life on earth are archaea bacteria and eukarya We will be looking at the Eukaryotes which include plants animals fungi and insects 2 Kingdom many more kingdoms inside each domain a The Plantae kingdom consists of plant like organisms These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 3 Phylum a Thallophyta fungi algae lichens These are considered pseudo plants Algae really are plants but for this class we will consider them a pseudo plant Algae are incredibly diverse and can survive in many climates and come in many shapes and forms i Diatoms are a type of algae that make a shell after they die They are marine algae with elaborate silicon shells ii Lichens are fungi that have discovered agriculture They form a symbiotic relationship with whatever plant they live on They are composed of algae and fungus b Bryophyta liverworts mosses They are vascular and have a circulation system c Pteridophyta ferns club mosses d Anthophyta vascular seed plants No flowers no fruit have naked seeds 4 Class a Gymnosperms part of anthophyta phylum i Douglas fir Psuedotsugamenzieslii Fir Flat firm needles Pine needles are rounded ii Rocky Mountain Juniper Juniperousscopoulorum no flowers no fruit naked seeds b Angiosperms flowering plants Flowers convered in seed in ovary endosperm Classification Overview Domains Archaea Prokarya Eukarya Classification is like a library to determine what a plant is Angiosperm Taxonomy an little history Early classification schemes i Theophrastus 300 BC organized based on form trees shrubs herbs leaf shape A better classification scheme i Carolus Linnaeus developed the Latin Greek binomial naming system ii Based on flower structure iii Consists of genus and species names a Genus a group of related organisms that do not interbreed plural is genera always in italics b Species a group of similar organisms that are descended from a common ancestor can interbreed always in italics