Biob 110 1st Edition Lecture 6 When did plants appear on earth Primitive plants evolved about 500 million years ago When plants first appeared all of the continent were together in what is called Gondwana Some say that less evolved plants are not as good as those that have evolved more However they are very simple plants and are so good at what they do that they haven t needed to adapt much Flowering plants evolved about 300 million years ago Systematics modern plant classification includes taxonomy evolution and phylogeny Phylogenetic systematics study of the evolutionary relatedness of plant species Cladstics mathematical analysis used to generate trees A phylogenetic tree has a root usually at the bottom or left side and branches off to shows how plants are related In the Phylum Anthophyta and the class Angiosperms there are 2 subclasses and can be distinguished by the veins in the leaves 1 Monocotyledoneae monocots grasses parallel leaf veination 2 Dicotyledoneae dicots broadleaves net like leaf veination Classification In the plant family o Names end in aceae o Important foridentification o Agronomic considerations Disease problems Pest susceptibility o Between 200 and 400 families recognized These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o We will learn 11 familiies Fruit are mature ovaries containing seeds Inflorescence type cluster of flowers on a stem 1 Compositae a Very large family b Compound inflorescence cluster of flowers made up of two types aka flower head Two types are disk and ray flowers c Includes the crops lettuce chrysanthemum marigold sunflower safflower d Weeds are dandelion Canada thistle burdock spotted knapweed e Natives and wildflowers are Evert s or Elk s thistle Cirsiumscariosum Wester Salsify Tragopogon dubious Arrowleaf balsamroot Balsamorhizasagittata 2 Cruciferae Brassicaceae or Mustard a Petals arranged in four like a cross b Raceme inflorescence have a pedicel and peduncle Stem with alternating flowers c Seeds carried in a silique long and sleek or a silicle round d Yellow flowers and pungent flavor e Crops are canola rape radish cabbage cauliflower broccoli turnip f Weeds are fanweed shepherd s purse whitetop wild mustard Arabidopsis is a model dicot species to do experiment on 3 Chenopodiaceae a Inconspicuous flowers b Indicator plants for alkaline or saline soils which are always wet c Crops are sugar beet quinoa spinach d Weeds are lambsquarters kochia Russian Thistle 4 Convovulacaea a Twining growth habit b Funnel shaped flowers petals are fused together c Flowers are bisexual or perfect both sexes in the same flower d Crops are sweet potato yams e Weeds are bindweeds dodder 5 Cucurbitaceae a Climbing twining growth habit b Cone shaped flowers with five petals c Flowers are unisexual either male or female d Crops are squash melons cucumber pumpkin e Weeds are ivy gourd ConcciniaGrandis 6 Liliaceae a Flower petals in sets of 3 3 sepals and 3 petals that look alike b Flower is hypogenous petals below the ovary c Monocot d Members include tulip lily glacier lily asparagus these are all argued as being part of another species e Also beargrass wild onion yucca death camas gets mistaken for wild onion and will kill people and livestock f Agave Americana pulque mescal tequila Agave sisalana sisal hemp 7 Leguminosae a Very large family b Butterfly shaped flowers c Fruit legumes are in simple pods d Fix atmospheric nitrogen e Have a keel landing pad for insects f Legumes form a symbiotic relation with Rhizobium bacteria to turn nitrogen gas into ammonia g Crops are soybean bean pea peanut alfalfa clover birdsfoot trefoil mimosa redbud locust h Weeds are locoweed and kudzu i Alfalfa Medicago sativa has few problems with weeds Yellow sweetclover Melilotusofficinalis and Lupine Lupinusargenteus 8 Gramineae a Monocot b Flowers are non showy bracts c Fruits are called grains d A bract is a modified leaf lemma and palea e Fertilizes itself before it even opens up f Panicle inflorescence wild oats rice orchardgrass g Crops are cereal grains forage grasses wheatgrass bromes and turf bluegrass fescue h Weeds are wild oats foxtails Johnsongrass barnyard grass i Usually these weeds have same growth habit as the crops j Crested Wheatgrass Agropyroncristatum Kentucky Bluegrass Poapratensis Quackgrass Elytrigiarepens 9 Rosaceae a Flower peatsl are rounded and in sets of five b Flowers are bisexual c Includes roses wild rose apple peach pear plum cherry strawberry raspberry d Prairie smoke Geumtriflorum native and endangered 10 Solanacaea a Flower petals are pointed and resemble a five pointed star b Seeds are in a fleshy berry c Crops are potato tobacco tomato pepper eggplant d Weeds are horsenettle nightshade and jimsonweed full of toxic and hallucinogenic alkaloids small amount can be lethal Parts of a plant Female o Carpel pistol contains the stigma and the style and the ovary Male o Stamen contains the anther and the filament Other o Petal sepal and peduncle Flowers can be bisexual or perfect and contain both the female and male parts The position of the ovary ca be inferior epigynous ovary is below the petals in between perigynous ovary is surrounded by the petals or superior hypogenous ovary is above the petals