KIN 4310 1nd Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. ExampleII. Excel: Normal DistributionIII. The t-testIV. The t-test StepsV. Example: Reaction Time StudyVI. The t-testVII. The t-test InformationVIII. QuestionIX. Fish Oil StudyX. The t-test Excel FunctionsOutline of Current Lecture I. Review QuestionsCurrent LectureI. Review Questionsa. What is validity? i. It is the application of a test result is appropriate, meaningful, and useful.b. Define 3 kinds of validityThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Criterion Validity is when you measure one thing to relate to another thing. An example is skin fold calipers; the GRE accurately predicts whether a student will successful in grad school. ii. Content Validity is the extent to which the tool covers the universal item it is intended to construct. An example is the texas bar exam covers all thekey knowledge that an attorney must have. iii. An example of Construct Validity is the depression inventory is a good testfor diagnosing clinical depression.c. What is a z-score?i. A z-score is a standard score that relates the position of part of a measurement within a sampled. Describe the normal distribution.i. Symmetrical around zero, possess all real values, and the total area is 1 or100%e. What is probability?i. How likely an event is to occurf. How is probability defined for completely random events?i. It is defined by an equation. # of desired results/ # of all resultsg. What is a null hypothesis?i. The negation of what you claimh. What is a research hypothesis?i. An assertion, what you think is truei. Which hypothesis do we always assume to be true at the beginning of a study?i. The null hypothesisj. Why?i. If we assume every research hypothesis is true, our heads would be conflicted with beliefs.k. What is a one-sided hypothesis test? A two-sided hypothesis test?i. A one-sided hypothesis test has a rejection zone on the right side or on the left side. A two-sided hypothesis test has 2 rejection zones on each end.l. What is a test statistic?i. The number that has to do with the hypothesis test itself.m. What is a critical value?i. A value of the test statistic that is used to determine the result of the hypothesis testn. How is critical value determined?i. From the tables in the back of the booko. What is level of significance?i. Level of significance is alpha = 0.05 and it is the maximum probability thatwe will use to apply the rare event rulep. What is a type 1 error?i. A false positive.q. What is a type 2 error?i. A false negativer. What is a p-value?i. The probability of getting a test statistic by chance or the test statistic is more extreme, given that the null is trues. What is a one sample z-test?i. Comparing a sample to a populationt. What information do you need about the population before you can perform a one sample z-test?i. Population mean and the population standard deviation.u. How do you determine critical values of z?i. By looking at table B1.v. What is a t-test?i. A hypothesis test where you find the difference between 2 groupsw. Describe the t-distributioni. Symmetrical around zero, has degrees of freedom, and has kurtosisx. What are degrees of freedom?i. Represent the general size of the data