CDAE 024 1st Edition Lecture 10Intercultural Communication (continued)High Power Distance- Low Power Distance• High Power Distance – based on power differences in which subordinates defer to superiorsIndia, Africa, Brazil, Singapore• Low Power Distance – power should be used when legitimateAustria, Finland, Denmark, Israel, USUncertainty• How does a society deals with the fact that the future can never be known?• Should we try to control the future or just let it happen? • This ambiguity brings with it anxiety and different cultures have learnt to deal with this anxiety in different ways. • ‘Make it up as they go along’ • Changing plans as new information comes to light. • Or wait for directionUncertainty Accepting- Rejecting• Uncertainty Accepting: “Tolerate ambiguity, and diversity”USA, England, Denmark, Sweden, Singapore, Hong Kong (1980)Uncertainty Rejecting: “Have difficulty with ambiguity and diversity”Japan, France, Spain, Greece, Portugal• Examples: Risk taking, organizational loyaltyMasculinity- FemininityThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• Masculinity – “values aggressiveness, strength, and material symbols of success”Ireland, Greece, Venezuela, Austria, Japan• Femininity – “values tenderness and relationships” Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Netherlands• Example: Class competitions, family friendly policies in the North European countriesPower Distance• Power distance is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organisations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally.• inequalities amongst people should be minimized (low)Individualism• the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members. • self-image is defined in terms of “I” or “We”. • In Individualist societies people are supposed to look after themselves and their direct family only. In Collectivist societies people belong to ‘in groups’ that take care of them in exchange for loyaltyLong-Term Orientation• This dimension describes how every society has to maintain some links with its own past while dealing with the challenges of the present and future, and societies prioritize these two existential goals differently• Normative societies who score low on this dimension• For example- prefer to maintain time-honored traditions and norms while viewing societal change with suspicion• Those with a culture, which scores high, on the other hand, take a more pragmatic approach:• Encourage thrift and efforts in modern education as a way to prepare for the