CDAE 024 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 10Chapter 1Communication-The process of using messages to generate meaningComponents of Communication1. Source2. Receiver3. Code (verbal/nonverbal symbols)4. Message (encoding)5. Feedback (decoding)6. Channel7. NoiseCommunication ContextsIntrapersonal- Generating meaning within yourself. Reflective, thoughtful, problem-solvingInterpersonal- Between at least two people in a process that allows unique opportunities for speaking and listening, Dyadic (2) & Small Group (>2)Public Communication- Single source to a number of receivers who give feedbackMass Communication- Source and large number of receivers, requires some transmission systemComputer Mediated Communication- Use of computers to send messages, can be asynchronous (twitter, email, text)Communication Doesn’t Happen in a Vacuum- It’s an active process- Can’t be reversed or repeated- It’s complicated and inevitable- Quantity doesn’t increase qualityPcom in CDAE- Communication about public issues- Self- presentation and expression- Communication that is public (journalism, non-profits, government, advocacy groups etc.)- Implied is it’s for the public good (social justice component)- Communications that can change the worldChapter 2Perception, Self, & Communication- Perception= “the process of becoming aware of objects and events from the senses”- Active perception= “your mind selecting, organizing, and interpreting what you sense”- Subjective perception= “your uniquely constructed meaning attributed to stimuli”Why do Perceptions Differ?1. Physiological factors2. Past experiences and roles3. Culture/co-culture4. Present feelings/circumstancesPhysiological Factors- Your unique characteristics (age, gender, build, etc.)- Physical alertness (tired, awake)- Other factors (broken leg, etc.)Past Experiences & Roles- Perceptual constancy- past influences present- Role- student, teacher, kidCulture/co-culture- Culture- system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, & artifacts- Co culture- group who’s beliefs or behaviors separate it from the larger culture of which itis a part Present Feelings/Circumstances- Morning person, evening person- Sick, getting sick, etc. - Alone in large class vs. in crowded classroomChapter 3Language- A collection of symbols, letters, or words with arbitrary meanings that are governed by rules and used to communicate5 Important Characteristics of Language- Semantics- The study of the way humans use language to evoke meaning- Syntax- The way in which words are arranges to form phrases and sentences- Encode- The process of translating your thoughts into words- Pragmatics- The study of language as it is used in a social context, including its effect on the communications- Phatic Communication- Communication that is used to establish a mood of sociability rather than to communicate information or ideasDenotative- Dictionary meaningsConnotative- Cultural meaningsSapir-Whorf Hypothesis- “Our perception of reality is determined by our thought processes, AND our thought processes are limited by our language and, THEREFORE, languages shape reality”- Principle 1: Linguistic Determinationo Language influences how we think and perceive realityo Ex. Snow-Inuit- Principle 2: Linguistic Relativismo People who speak different languages will see the world differentlyo Ex. Snow as a friend/foeAbstract Language- Words stand for ideas and things, but they are not the same as those ideas and thingsConcrete Language- Words and statements that are specific rather than abstract or vagueChapter 4Nonverbal Communication- Using word-less messages to generate meaningNonverbal Communication Compliments Verbal Communication (6 ways)- Repeating- The same message is sent both verbally and nonverbally- Emphasizing- The use of nonverbal cues to strengthen verbal messages- Complementing (adding meaning)- Using nonverbal and verbal codes to add meaning to each other and to expand the meaning of either message alone- Contradicting- Verbal and nonverbal messages conflict- Substituting-Nonverbal codes are used instead of verbal codes- Regulating-Using nonverbal codes to monitor and control interactions with othersNonverbal Codes (Bodily Movement and Facial Expressions)- Nonverbal codes- Codes of communication consisting of symbols that are not words, including nonword vocalizations- Kinesics- The study of bodily movements, including posture, gestures, and facial expressions- Emblems- Nonverbal movements that substitute for words and phrases- Illustrators- Nonverbal movements that accompany or reinforce verbal messages- Affect Displays- Nonverbal movements of the face and body used to show emotion- Regulators- Nonverbal movements that control the flow or pace of communication- Adaptors- Nonverbal movements that you might perform fully in private but only partiallyin publicOther Concepts- Physical attractiveness (media may distort realistic views of physical attractiveness)- Time (how people view/use it)- Also called temporal communication; the way people organize and use time and the messages that are created because of their organization and use of it- Monochronic people vs Polychronic- Touching- Clothing- Vocal cues (including silence)- All of the oral aspects of sound except words themselvesDistance- Intimate distance (18”)- Personal distance (18”-4ft)- Social distance (4-12 ft)- Public distance (>12