Psychology 202 Notes February 26 2015 Video clip Clive s World Clive s viral encephalitis resulted in damage to what 2 areas of his brain Frontal lobe and hippocampal region in temporal lobe Why are they important Hippocampus is involved in memory and forming new memories frontal lobe is involved in making decisions and forming judgments Identify what specific types of memory strength and memory impairment does Clive demonstrate Couldn t form long term memories and had terrible short term memory could still play piano implicit memories remain Memory Failures The Seven Sins of Memory o Transience forgetting what occurs with the passage of time retroactive interference vs proactive interference o Absentmindedness o Blocking tip of the tongue phenomenon o Memory misattribution assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source frontal lobe intimately involved source memory recall of when where and how info was acquired false recognition a feeling of familiarity about something that hasn t been encountered before brain activated as if it s an actual memory o Suggestibility the tendency to incorporate misleading info from external sources into our memory o Bias the distorting influence on present knowledge beliefs and feelings on recollection of previous experiences consistency bias reconstruct the past to fit the present change bias tendency to exaggerate differences between what we feel now vs what we felt in the past and egocentric bias reframe things in a way to make us look good in retrospect o Persistence intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget often after traumatic events Introduction to the Psychology of Learning and Reward Pavlov Classical conditioning Pavlov s dogs classically conditioned to drool when hearing a bell unconditioned stimulus food conditioned stimulus bell conditioned and unconditioned response salivation conditioned response is slightly weaker Watson behaviorism classical conditioning Little Albert thought that people were blank slates Skinner operant conditioning Bandera social learning Video clip Pavlov classical conditioning and extinction Video condition Dwight to associate the turning on of a computer with getting an altoid Generalization discrimination and extinction get rid of learned associations acquisition learning Spontaneous recovery relearning example relapse of a phobia after going through therapy John Watson The Case of Little Albert Applied Pavlov s associative learning classical conditioning to Albert s emotional learning of fear video Little Albert paired loud noise with white rat caused Albert to be afraid of white rat and also discriminated other furry things Mower s Two Factor Theory of Avoidance Learning 2 factors 1 classical conditioning and 2 operant conditioning we avoid what it is we re afraid of Emotional Learning involves classical conditioning and emotions are acquired initially and maintained as a result of classical conditioning processes Conditioned Emotional Response an emotionally charged conditioned response elicited by a previously neutral stimulus Example of classical conditioning salivating in response to thought of food sexual interests drug overdoses cocaine and money pairing advertising political campaigns anticipatory nausea ex chemotherapy nausea Conditioned sexual arousal US erotic imagery UR arousal CS previously neutral CR sexual arousal to CS i e sexual arousal to shoes i e classically conditioned response to children Drug overdoses injecting heroine example Drug Tolerance classical conditioning in action body adjusts to effects of the drug conditioned stimuli that normally precede drug use cause a physiological response that helps body prepare for the drug many overdoses of heroin due to taking the usual drug does but in a different environment Phobias classified under anxiety disorders in DSM involve panic attacks typically if exposed to feared situation intense fear response Agoraphobia kind of like a fear of panic attacks afraid of being out in public Social phobia fear of social situations Specific phobia heights snakes closed spaces etc Systematic desensitization of phobias takes classical conditioning into realm of cognition visual imagery and mental associations are actively engaged a cognitivebehavioral method of treatment using the principle of counter conditioning o 1 develop of hierarchy of feared situations e g seeing pictures of snakes to napping with a Boa around your neck o 2 Person is taught relaxation plus coping imagery and skills o 3 Client applies learned skills while imagining CS s