PSYC 3684 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Mary AinsworthII. The beginning of the Role of FathersOutline of Current Lecture II. Continuation of the Role of FathersIII. Consequences of AttachmentIV. Saunders et al 2011Current LectureThe Role of Fathers continued:- Kochanska and Kim 2013o Strange situation with mom and dad separately and emotional/behavioral problems at ages 6 and 8o Double secure and mixed had fewer problems than double insecure childreno One secure attachment to mother or father may be considered a protective father that facilitates resilienceConsequences of Attachment:- Bowlby hypothesized early attention predicts later social and environment functioningConsequences of Attachment: Childhood- attachment security related to:o social competence, independence in preschool (Scroufe et al 2005)o Self-control at age 6 (Jacobson et al 1997) Mischel (1989) delay of gratification task- Marshmallow taskThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. Grade Buddy is best Used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Consequences of Attachment: Adolescence and early adulthood- fewer emotional and behavioral issues at 13 and 17, particularly under stresso attachment history x stress interaction- Recovery from adversity (13-17)- Global competence at age 19o Prediction enhanced when combined with peer competence in high school and later parentingConclusions:- support for Bowlby- snowball effect – attention may initiate skills to positive developmentConsequences: Adulthood- attachment important “from the cradle to the grave.” (Bowbly 1979/1994)- In adult hood, rents are joined or replaced as attachment figures by adult romantic partners (Ainsworth)Hazan and Shaver’s theory of adult attachment 1987, 2000- two central propositionso adults use their partners as secure bases the way infants do with rents Fraley and Shaver (1998)- Airport separation observationso Second proposition- attachment styles obsevered among infants and rents continue into adulthood and affect the nature of romantic relationshipsSecure Attachment:- capable of genuine intimacyo empathy, passion, affection, sensitivityAvoidant: unable to get close to someone- aloof, uncaring, distantAmbivilent: needy and engulfing- jealous, possessive, need reassurance constantlySo, am I doomed?- Bowlbyo The internal working model is a WORKING model, modification is absolutely possibleo Alternative attachment figuresSaunders et all 2011: explores this possibility of reworking it- Method N=113 infant and mom pairs- Moms  AAI (Adult Attachment Interview) internal working model- Alternative support = family, friends, professions- Infants- strange situation  attachment classification is assessedResults:- earned secure more likely to have an emotionally supportive alternative attachment figure than continuous secure and insecure- Children of earned secure and continuous secure were more likely to form secure attachments than those who were insecure (doesn’t matter if the security was earned ornot, as long as it was secure)Conclusion:- insecure attachment in childhood confers risk of children being insecure attachment- However, insecure working model can be modified by a supportive, alternative attachment figure- Resilience IS POSSIBLE  so you are NOT doomed.o Earned secure just as successful as moms who were continuously