Lecture 9OUTLINE OF LAST LECTURE:o Ch4: infant physical developmento Breastfeedingo Advantageso Breastfeeding and cognitiono methodOUTLINE OF CURRENT LECTURE:- advantages for breastfeeding for the mother- co-sleepingo advantageso disadvantages- babies sleeping aloneo advantageso disadvantages- co-sleeping issues- SIDS- Big change in baby sleep position- Backlash- ImmunizationCURRENT LECTURE:2/24Advantages of breastfeeding for the mother- reduces chances of hemorrhage right after birth- oxytocin- post-birth contractions shut down on arteries and prevent hemorrhage from uterus post-birth- lower incidence of breast cancer: breast feeding and baby isn’t sleeping through the night, breast feeding suppresses ovulation- cheaper- ecological- “green” friendly vs formula- convenient - promotes bonding: has to be skin to skin- sexualization of the breasto culture-basedo many cultures that don’t sexualize the breasto difficult to breast-feed in publico cause for lack of long-term breast feeding- really convenient? Working-mothers, public places & breast feeding? Having someone bring the child to work when it’s feeding time?- If you skip feeding, milk amount will compensate and decreaseThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. PSYC 220 1st EditionLecture 9- Breastfed babies – sleeping issues (normal for our culture but not normal biology-wise): o clash between biology and culture. Babies aren’t supposed to sleep during the night, we just want/need them too babies naturally sleep through the night ~2y.o cultural expectation: sleep through the night ~3mo- when to wean? Weaning- when you stop breast feeding and introduce new foods.o After 6moo In our culture: we wean as early as the day they’re born (combining breastmilk & formula)- Difficult getting started: we are not wired to breastfeed.o Need to learn how to position the baby so the child isn’t pulling the skin offCo-sleeping: within arms-length. Can be in crib close to bed, doesn’t have to be skin to skinAdvantages:SIDS protection: controversial- AAP do NOT recommend co-sleeping- Research on solitary sleeping vs co-sleeping found evidence on protection from SIDS- Ease of breastfeeding- In early infancy they sleep “better” = sleep lighter.o Go straight into REM sleep, no prolonged periods of deep sleep (not supposed to) o Wake up due to hunger- Bed-sharing/sleep-sharing: risky.o To be safe: railing on the edge of bedDisadvantages- Disrupt parents sleep: worried of the presence of the baby- Freud: may disrupt “marital relationship”o We sexualize the bedroom and when there’s a child there sex is out of the question. But the baby really doesn’t care- Hard to get them out when they grow up- Another child & a newborn in bed. Parents are well-wired not to roll on the child but the older child isn’tBabies sleeping aloneAdvantages- Parents may sleep better: not worrying about smothering the child- Learn to go to sleep alone- Sleep more deeply: cultural advantage/expectationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. PSYC 220 1st EditionLecture 9Disadvantages:- Higher risk of SIDS- Harder to breastfeed- Sleep more deeply (sleep apnea)It is safe to sleep with the baby?- No drugs or alcohol for parentso Influence of drugs&alcohol -> smotheringo Drugs: doesn’t have to be hard drugs, even Nyquil (drowsiness) can mess up your perception of where the baby is- Sleep only on a hard surface (no waterbeds or couches)o Adult beds are variable: vary in firmnesso Beds for babies have to be hard, NOT cushiony  Couch danger: if the mother falls asleep with the child in her arms on the couch, the child can slide to the side and suffocate with their face in the couch o No soft bedding- Why? Build up of carbon dioxide around their face -> smuther- Reflex: lift head and turn to avoid carbon dioxide build up.- No spaces where baby can get stuck (between frame, mattress, in couch cushions)Co-sleeping Issues- Solitary sleep has only been happening here for about 60 yrs- Co-sleeping is really common even in our culture- Collectivism vs individualismo Collectivism: - What issues have come about because of infant solitary sleep?- Comfort objects- Nightmares/night terrors- Bedtime ritualsSIDS- SIDS- sudden unexplained death of an infant under the 1y.o- Incidence is .5 to 1.5 per thousand babies- Peak incidence around 3mo age- Most likey to occur at night- Most likely in cold-weather monthso more likely to bundle babies when its coldo psychologically at night in the home you bundle the child -> over heating -> SIDS- respiratory infections -> stay inside -> closer together & share the bacteria.o Families get sick, the child gets sick -> respiratory infection -> SIDSInfants at higher risk:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. PSYC 220 1st EditionLecture 9o Formula fed infantso Infants who are placed on their stomach to sleep Infants on their stomachs -> crying 3hrs a day, 3x a week, 3 weeks, etc. CO2 build upo Infants whose mother smoked while pregnanto Infants in an environment with smokerso Infants whose mothers received poor prenatal careo Male infants: more fragile. Girls are more robusto Premature infantso Infants who sleep aloneCauses of SIDS- Basically unknown- Possibilitieso Genetic vulnerability combined with environmental risk (nature/nurture)Big change in baby sleep position- 1994 70% of babies in US were placed on their stomachs to sleep- 2002: 11.3% of babies were place din their stomachs to sleep- SIDS rates 1992: 1.2 per thousand- 2002: .57 per thousand- “Back to Sleep” Public education campaign was incredibly effectiveBacklash- babies placed on their stomachs sleep more deeply and tend to sleep through the night earlier- currently there is a blacklash against the “back to sleep” idea- consequence of SIDS rates will likely go upCONTROVERSYIMMUNIZATIONS: preventable with vaccinationsDTap (Diphtheria, tetanua, pertussis)Pertussis: whooping cough -> apnea in babies-pnemoniaMMR (Measles, mumps, rubella)Measles: highly contagious, airborne*High complication rate: insephilitis (brain infection -> swelling), pneumonia, breathing issues, significant death rateMumps: