Lecture 6 OUTLINE OF LAST LECTURE- (continuation of) Invasives- Infertilityo Causes: women & men- Controversial solutions- Infertility issues- Premature babiesOUTLINE OF CURRENT LECTURE- Miracle babiesCurrent LectureCH3: prenatal development- Germinal period- Embryonic period- Teratogens- Fetal period- Birth- Child birthCURRENT LECTURE:Miracle Babies?- Media shows miracle babies o Alive but very small and very early birth- Children who had been born between 22-25 weeks were examined at 6y.o - 46% moderate to severe disabilities- 34% mildly disabled- 20% no disabilities- 12% cerebral palsyfailure of lung maturation -> oxygen deprivation -> damages the rest of the bodyCH3-PRENATAL DEVELOPMENTZygote: first 2 wksEmbryo: next 6wksFetus: end of wk8-beginning wk9Pregnancy: 38wks avgGerminal Period- Conception-wk2- Fertilization takes place in the fallopian tubeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. PSYC220 1st EditionLecture 6 - Cell divides and divides- Day 5 blastocyst forms- About 9th day: attaches to uterine wallEmbryonic Disk-undifferentiated -> differentiated into specific organs- Ectoderm- Endoderm- MesodermPlacentaProvides:- Nutrients - Oxygen- AntibodiesTakes Away:- Waste productsScreens many but not all harmful agents. Teratogen agents: potentially harmful to the embryo/fetus (environmental toxins, mercury, diseases: rubella, measles, chicken pox, etc. drugs: prescription, recreational, OTC (over-the-counter)Embryonic Period- Wk2-8- Sensitive period when the body develops the fastest: most vulnerable to harm- Most of body’s systems formo Central nervous systemo Hearto Limbso Digestive tract- 1/5 women don’t miss period in their first trimesterTeratogens- Maternal diseaseso Rubella: “German measles”. Severe flu-like symptoms Rubella during the embryonic period -> associated with vision problems, hearing problems*, heart abnormalities, cognitive impairment, (sometimes) death/still-birth, born sick (pneumonia, diarrhea, anemia, etc), increases risk for cerebral palsy: assoc. with not enough oxygen to the brain -> affecting motor skillso Toxoplasmosis direct contact with cat feces older than 24hrs More common transmission: eating undercooked red-meato Herpes:  chicken pox: seizure disorders, cognitive deficienciesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. PSYC220 1st EditionLecture 6  Assoc. with small head, blindness Herpes simplex 1&2: assoc. with sores (on lip, genitals)- Incurable- Assoc. with transmission during birth- If women gets herpes in the genital area -> C section. Of fetus gets the herpes -> brain damage&death- Prescription & non-prescription drugso DESo Aspirin: blood-thinner. Increases risk of hemorrhage during/after birth Babies: heart defectso Caffeine: assoc. with sleep issues in babieso Cocaine: women on cocaine often do other drugs: multi-effect, cocaineusers assoc. w poor diet Short gestation Low birth rate Cause uterine contractions Can trigger spontaneous abortion/early birth Damage to braino Alcohol: FAS (fetal alcohol syndrome) widely spaced eyes*, some degree of brain damage -> learning & memory problems, attention span problems, issues with lang. learning & communication, vision& hearing problemso Marijuana: affects breathing in smoker->embryo isn’t getting enough oxygen because you’re not either. Oxygen deprivation to embryo/fetus- Low birth weight, short gestation: dose related* Babies born from smoking mothers -> more prone to childhood cancer: leukemiao Heroino Tobacco: assoc. with sudden infant death syndrome 42% increased risk of sudden infant death assoc. w/ low developmental quotient score, learning disabilities (long-term) cleft pallet  2nd hand smoke: mother in the presence of smokers can lead to same exact effects as first hand.Fetal Period- wk8+- period of growth and maturationo kidneys, pallet, urogenital tract- quickening occurs: wk16o feel kickingThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. PSYC220 1st EditionLecture 6 o mother can feel it more: fluttering feeling -> kicking feelingo mother should feel it more, lack of kicking -> signs of problems- viability achieved about 24wks: ‘should’ the baby be born, there’s a chance it will survive.- Term is ~40wks from lmp (last menstrual period)Birth3 stages- STAGE 1 (14-16hrs): contractionso Dilation and effacement: neck of cervix is opening & thinning 10cmo Transition: when it’s completely dilated and effaced Nausea, diarrhea, sometimes panicky- STAGE 2 (1hr. can be shorter or longer ~3hr)o Pushingo Birth- STAGE 3 (15-30min)o Delivery of the placenta CHILDBIRTH- Dilation and effacement of cervix: on avg. 12-14hrs with a first baby, 4-6 hrs with later births- Delivery of baby: 50min for first baby, 20min in subsequent births- Birth of placenta: ~5-10min*laying on back is the most painful position. Nerves of uterus are are putting pressure on the back. But we were cultured to do soApproaches to childbirth:Traditional midwifeCertified Nurse MidwifeOB/GynFamily Practitioner These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. PSYC220 1st