IST 195 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. StenographyII. CryptographyIII. AuthenticationIV. Data ThefOutline of Current Lecture I. Computing HardwareII. CPUIII. PortsIV. RAMV. Hard DriveCurrent LectureComputing Hardware - computer - an electronic device that has four functions o accepting data inputs o processing inputs o producing outputs o storing data - The system unit includes a drive bay, power supply, internal cards to display outputs (sound card,video cards, etc.), processor, memory (RAM) and ports - motherboard - the main circuit board of the computer (system unit) - PCI vs. PCIe (express) - the newer PCIs has more expansion cards CPU - computing processing units (CPU) - "the brain of the computer" o measured by the amount of cores (the division of the processors) o measured by GHz (the number of instructions per second that can be handled) o the biggest brands are Intel and AMD, check out www.cpuboss.com o overclocking - the CPU is being pushed beyond what it was meant to do - three parts of CPU o control unit - how the CPU gets ("fetches") instructions o arithmetic logic unit (ALU) - executed instructions o registers - access the storage in CPU - CPUs and computer chips are made of silicon - the transistors on the CPU allow information to process (so you're going to want more of those) - the average chip has about 900 million transistors on to one chip These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- nanotechnology - the study of manipulating matter on a molecular level Ports - ports allow for connectors to bring information from one device to another - USB ports are one of the most common, but depends on the operating system to work; 127 devices can be connected to a single USB port using a USB hub o 1.0 - 12Mbs o 2.0 - 480 Mbs o 3.0 - 5Gbs (not mainstream yet) - PS/2 ports - the old school ports that could take on many different types of devices and doesn't depend on the OS; becoming obsolete RAM - volatile memory - instructions are not saved when the power is turned off - non-volatile memory - information is still there afer you turn it off (ROM, etc.) - RAM - holds data and instructions waiting for processing by the CPU; opens large files quickly and have many programs open at once - the operating systems take up a lot of RAM - RAM user types - memory closest to the CPU the faster it is - memory cache - special high speed storage mechanism used by the CPU Hard Drive - traditional hard drive - mechanical arm is reading and writing information and it takes longer to find information in the sectors of the computer, also breaks with ease and becoming obsolete o SATA 150 MB/second; o SATA2 (faster than SATA) - solid state drive - reduced access time because it is based on flash memory and digital instead of mechanical; more expensive - location (ex. Foursquare, Facebook