I. The Roman Empire from Augustus to the Crisis of the Third CenturyII. The Julio-ClaudiansIII. The Origins of ChristianityIV. A New ReligionV. The FlaviansVI. The “Five Good Emperors”HIST 101 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of LectureI. The Roman Empire from Augustus to the Crisis of the Third Century - The Julio-Claudians- The Origins of Christianity - A New Religion- The Flavians- The “Five Good Emperors” Lecture Notes II. The Julio-Claudians- Tiberius, r. 14-37 A.D.- Gaius (“Caligula”), r. 37-41 A.D.- Claudius, r. 41-54 A.D. o The conquest of Britain, 43 A.D.- Nero, r. 54-68 A.D.o The great fire, 64 A.D. - The Empire remains stable amid Roman chaoso Solid infrastructure and bureaucracyo Defined boundaries (Rhine, Danube)o Largely content population of 50 million; 1000 officialso To become Roman, not to free themselves from Romeo Augustus’s mask of Republic slipsIII. The Origins of Christianity - Judaism in the Roman Empireo Seleucid Asia (the Hellenistic world) King Antiochus IV Epiphanes, r. 175-164 B.C.  Maccabeeso Hasmonean kingdom of Israel, 140-37 B.C.o Pompey and the Roman province of Judaea, 63 B.C.o Dynasty of the Herods, 37 B.C. – 92 A.D.o The contested role of the Jewish messiah (Greek christos) Pharisees, Saducees, and Zealots- Jesus of Nazareth, c. 4 B.C. - c. 30 A.D.o The region of Galilee (Nazareth, Capernaum) Aramaico Discipleso Jerusalem Passovero Pontius Pilate, procurator of Judaea, 26-36 A.D.o CrucifixionIV. A New Religion - Saul (Paul) of Tarsus, c. 10 - c. 67 A.D. o Paul and Peter “Gentiles”o Visits and letters to the various urban ecclesiae (“assemblies”)  Rome, Corinth, Thessalonica, Ephesus, Philippi- A gradually forming “New Testament” in Greeko Gospels, c. 70 A.D. and latero Acts of the Apostles, c. 66-100 A.D.o Revelation (c. 96 A.D.)o Didache, c. 70 A.D. - Organization, persecution, and slow growtho episkopos (“bishop”)o “atheism”o Noveltyo Martyr (“witness”)V. The Flavians- Revolt of military commanders in Gaul, Spain, Africa, 68 A.D. - The “Year of the Four Emperors,” 68-69 A.D. - Vespasian, 69-79 A.D.- “New men”- The Jewish War, 66-70 A.D.o Rebellion in Roman Judaea, 66 A.D.o Destruction of the Temple, 70 A.D. Jerusalemo Masada, 72-73 A.D.- Titus, 79-81 A.D.- Domitian, 81-96 A.D.VI. The “Five Good Emperors” - Cooperation with the Senate- Policy of adoption- Nerva, 96-98 A.D. - Trajan, 98-117 A.D.o Dacia (Romania), Mesopotamia- Hadrian, 117-138 A.D. o Hadrian’s Wall, 122 A.D.- Antoninus Pius, 138-161 A.D. - Marcus Aurelius, 161-180 A.D. o Meditations, 167 A.D. Stoicism o Commodus, r. 180-192