HIST 101 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Lecture I Early and Archaic Greece Minoan Civilization 2000 1550 B C Mycenaean Civilization 1600 1200 B C The Dark Age of Greece 1200 700 B C Archaic Greece c 700 500 B C The Persian Wars Invention of democracy seen as a weird idea that the demos the people have a say in how they are ruled Is democracy doomed to fail How did the Greeks contribute to the future of democracy Lecture Notes II III Minoan Civilization 2000 1550 BC The island of Crete Aegean Sea The Palace of Minos at Knossos The labyrinth and the Minotaur o Myth story that stems from some sort of truth often a way to explain the world around them o King Minos o Bull cult and human sacrifice King Minos s wife committed adultery with a bull resulted in a bull human hybrid creature Worship of the Bull as a religious symbol Wealth and overseas trade o Mainland Greece Egypt Asia Minor Cyprus If you have water means of transportation you will be wealthy o Artwork in Minos had rich color and detail product of trade shows you have resources Mycenaean Civilization 1600 1200 BC Kingdom of Mycenae mainland Greece IV V o Oldest Greek civilization on the mainland o Agamemnon king of Mycenae Various independent kingdoms clustered around a citadel o Citadel walled fortress o Politically disunited Trade piracy warfare o Piracy stealing from people engaging in sea trade Allied war against Troy c 1250 B C o Story was that kingdoms allied together against Troy under Agamemnon because his brother s wife ran off to Troy to marry Prince Paris of Troy Helen of Troy the woman whose face launched a thousand ships o Asia Minor location of Troy o Heinrich Schliemann 1822 1890 1873 Discovered evidence of Troy proved that the myth was true The end of Mycenae The Dark Age of Greece 1200 700 BC Depopulation on the mainland From trade and piracy to insularity pastoralism o Dark Age no resources because of no trade o Pastoralism small communities based of taking care of livestock A legacy of equality Circa 1000 B C more trade social differentiation small communities have different things to offer thus more trade o Pulls Greece out of the dark age The idea of the hero o Homer c 750 B C Iliad Odyssey Hero turns into an idea that does not come from war Story of the journey home after war Sense of fate what you do is limited by the Gods they have already decided what happens to you A new political organization c 800 B C o Radical population growth o Polis sing poleis plur city o Agora open public space market Cities were designed around the agora Archaic Greece c 700 500 BC Formation of a common Greek identity o Speaking of the same language VI VII o Hellenes Greek people Panhellenism Greeks share the same things o Religion and festival they all share the same gods o Greek shrines the Oracle at Delphi Apollo Sun God Burns laurel sacred bush to read the future answers questions very vaguely so that the person could interpret it as they like Leonidas king of Sparta goes to the oracle for councel when facing the Persians o The Olympic Games 776 B C Zeus son of Chronos time Political Life Society and Culture The Olympic Games o All Greeks come together to participate in competitive games Political Life in Archaic Greece The government of the poleis o Aristocratic oligarchy rich men rule the city Technology and democracy o Hoplite warfare 600s B C hopla phalanx o Men formed a phalanx stood incredibly close together model of cooperation Interlocked shields in order to help protect each other Athens the rise of democracy o Areopagus council of the hill of Ares the God of War o Archon magistrate elected by chance Resident does not mean citizen Example slaves o Solon s reforms 594 B C dividing the demos Archon who say that instead of power being given to people by birth it should be given by wealth Wouldn t matter to what class you were born you could have the chance to rise to power o Real democracy Cleisthenes and the boule 508 B C Boule 500 person assembly based on the 10 districts of Greece Sparta a military polis o Lycurgus 600s B C legendary law giver decided that Sparta had to raise boys as warriors and the girls were raised to make more boy warriors o Helots outnumbered Spartans Society and Culture in Archaic Greece Aristocratic culture o Symposium aristocrats get together to get drunk VIII Only women allowed to be in symposium were prostitutes o Same sex relationships married aristocratic men have sexual relationships with young boys in order to show power Not only sexual men was responsible for teaching the young boy how to become a man so that he too would grow up to marry a women and have his own relationship with a young boy o The role of women Wives slaves and hetairai Poetry o To be Greek is to be free o Hesiod c 700 B C Theogony Mythoi o Sappho c 610 580 B C The Persian Wars The Ionian Revolt 499 494 B C o The polis of Miletus Asia Minor leads the revolt Agree with the Greek idea of freedom o Support from Athens First invasion of Greece by Persia happens in order to punish the Greeks for supporting the Ionian revolt Battle of Marathon 490 B C o Darius I r 521 486 B C attacks Athens in revenge o An outnumbered Miltiades attacks the infantry Ends the first invasion Runner from Marathon goes to Athens to warn them of the Persians The Hellenic League vs the Persian Empire o Xerxes I r 486 465 B C o Themistocles c 528 c 460 B C in Athens We need to grow our navy o Battle of Thermopylae August 480 B C Massive defeat of the Spartans 300 o Battle of Salamis September 480 B C Athenian navy destroys the Persians The values that defeated an empire humanity and democracy