HIST 101 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Lecture I The Kingdoms of Egypt Pre Dynastic Egypt Early Dynastic Egypt The Old Kingdom The Middle Kingdom The New Kingdom Good bad of contact Lecture Notes I II Pre Dynastic Egypt Northeast corner of Africa centered around the Nile River 5000 BC 3150 BC The Nile River o Yearly regular flood o Mud rich soil bricks for building fertile soil for planting o A vertical and narrow country hugs Nile o Political and cultural unification Upper south and Lower north Egypt Nile flows upside down o Two lands and two crowns One Kingdom The legend of Dynasty 0 c 3100 BC o The Scorpion King o Narmer successor to Scorpion King Dominated the lower Egypt Early Dynastic Egypt 3150 BC 2770 BC Dynasties 1 and 2 The unification of Egypt o Through writing Hieroglyphics sacred writing Rosetta Stone much later than this time key to deciphering hieroglyphics o Discovered by Napoleon Papyrus Nile plant that is dried and prepared Stela tomb marker monument o Through the person of the King representation of Egypt o Through religion The goddess Ma at truth law justice Isis Osiris Lord of the dead Horus flacon Seth Resurrection the gods even went through this cycle o Osiris was murdered and spread everywhere chopped to bits because of justice he and his wife were resurrected son Horus The cycle of Life and Death like flooding receding of Nile River Death cult everyone is judged what did you do and how did you live Mummification body had to be prepared for life in afterlife The Book of the Dead what spells do you need what is the journey like Ka one s existence in the afterlife The House of Judgment weighed on the scales of life weighing of the ka The King Pharaoh as god divinity as unifier III The Old Kingdom 2770 BC 2200 BC Third and Fourth Dynasties o Memphis o And ideology if kingship Centralization bureaucracy hierarchy in Life and Death Per aa great house o The age of pyramids Zoser r c 2680 2625 BC Vizier Imhotep and the Step Pyramid c 2680 BC o Mastaba o Stacked square temples to create pyramid shape Khufu Cheops r c 2600 2575 BC Great Pyramid of Giza Khufu s son Khafre Chephran was represented as the sphinx head of a Pharaoh with body of a lion Decline of Old Kingdom o Weakening of centralized kingship Priest of Ra in Heliopolis o Increasing power of bureaucrats Nomes regional districts providences Nomarchs provincial governors appointed by king o Economic troubles and famines o First Intermediate Period c 2200 2050 BC Egypt was once again scattered Heracleopolis in Lower Egypt Thebes in Upper Egypt IV V The Middle Kingdom 2050 1786 BC Mentuhotep II r c 2050 1995 BC o Thebes ruled there then decided to conquer o Need to know neighbors better trade more be more aggressive No more insularity o Increased trade o Military succession in Nubia o Fear and pessimism not thinking too highly of selves The changed role of the King becomes more of a father weighed down by cares for people kingdom The New Kingdom Second Intermediate Period 1786 1560 BC o Hyksos invaded from eastern Arabic lands Mesopotamia and conquered Egypt The New Kingdom 1560 1087 BC o Ahmose I r 1552 1527 BC From Thebes o imperialism kick out Hyksos being more aggressive taking new lands going to create and Empire Reach all the way up to the Hittites in modern day Turkey o Hatshepsut r 1490 1468 BC a woman pharaoh Extremely Strange Depicted as wearing Pharaoh s traditional beard o Akenaton r c 1364 1347 BC Aton Egypt changed to monotheism God of the Sun Disk glorious creator Royal family worshiping one god Egyptians did not like it o Tutankamen King Tut r 1347 1337 BC reverted Egypt back to polytheism Tomb discover in 1920 s curse on all of Carter s team o Ramesses II r 1279 1213 BC massive statue at Karnack Temple w daughter Bintannath Hittites What to do with Hebrew slaves