HIST 101 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Lecture I Classical Greece The Dominance of Athens Periclean Athens 461 429 B C Depicting Life in the Polis The Peloponnesian War After the Peloponnesian War Can you be a democracy and be an empire at the same time Is democracy compatible with rule by one person Lecture Notes II The Dominance of Athens Rise of Athens in the fifth century B C because of defeat of Persian Empire o Naval power how Athens beat Persia Themistocles c 528 c 460 B C Plan to build up the Athenian navy after tragic defeat of Spartans at Thermopolis Battle of Salamis 480 B C DOES NOT end the Persian Empire Only ends war with Persia o Leadership of successful alliance against Persia Athens rises to the top because it was their boat and their sailors who beat Persia o The Delian League league of Greeks in case Persia comes back Athens tends the Treasury of the Delian League Changes in Athenian democracy becomes even more democratic both more intense AND weak o Solon 594 B C and Cleisthenes 508 B C Demos the people Archon magistrates Boule popular assembly o The new prestige of the strategos general o The lower class navy and political power Thetes more of a political voice after defeat of Persia III IV V They believed that they should have more say because they were the sailors on the boats that defeated the Persians Periclean Athens 461 429 BC Pericles c 495 429 B C ruler of Athens o Rich man who makes his political career by having the support of the poor o Elected many times over because of the expand of the lower class Greater power for the thetes in democracy o Any Athenian citizen may propose legislation o Salaries for officials allows for the poor to afford being a politician o Reimbursement for attendance at assembly and court to help even the poor afford it Building programs and festivals o The Acropolis the high hill overlooking Athens o The Parthenon 447 432 B C Athena Parthenos temple celebrating the virgin goddess Athena Depicting Life in the Polis The invention of theater pretending to o Tragedy Sophocles 496 406 BC The Oedipus cycle Oedipus Rex Oedipus at Colonus Antigone o Comedy Aristophanes c 450 388 BC Lysistrata History writing a historiai inquiries to write history is to ask questions o Herodotus c 484 420 BC and the Persian Wars o Thucydides c 460 401 BC The Peloponnesian War Art and architecture o Naturalistic sculpture what does the human body look like Glorifying the human There is the ideal but they knew there were limits The Peloponnesian War Causes of the war o The Athenian Empire o The Delian League Athens was asking for tribute No longer a democracy o Sparta and the Peloponnesian League The Peloponnesian War 431 404 B C o Siege of Athens fails miserably because Athens has too many stores o Helots Athens tries to convince Spartan slaves helots to rise up but that fails o Alcibiades c 450 404 B C traitor leaves to side with Sparta Failed attack on Sicily 415 B C Syracuse o Oligarchy in Athens 411 409 B C o Sparta appeals to Persia for naval power 407 B C Persia allies with Sparta and defeats the Athenian navy o Lysander d 395 B C Destruction of the Athenian navy 404 B C VI After the Peloponnesian War Sparta victorious now everyone looks to Sparta for guidance o Oligarchic government in Athens The Thirty Tyrants democracy has failed in Athens o Persia o Opposition from helots o The allied poleis of Athens Corinth Thebes Argos Decline of the polis in the fourth century B C o Conflict among and within the poleis War between Thebes and Sparta Epaminondas of Thebes d 362 B C Battle of Leuctra 371 B C o Sparta is also humbled o Philosophy philoi sophia The love of wisdom Plato c 427 347 B C Democracy has failed so then what is the best way for peoples to govern themselves Republic c 360 B C