I. Classical GreeceII. The Dominance of AthensIII. Periclean Athens (461-429 BC)IV. Depicting Life in the PolisV. The Peloponnesian WarVI. After the Peloponnesian WarHIST 101 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Lecture I. Classical Greece- The Dominance of Athens- Periclean Athens, 461-429 B.C.- Depicting Life in the Polis- The Peloponnesian War- After the Peloponnesian WarCan you be a democracy and be an empire at the same time?Is democracy compatible with rule by one person?Lecture NotesII. The Dominance of Athens - Rise of Athens in the fifth century B.C. because of defeat of Persian Empire o Naval power – how Athens beat Persia Themistocles, c. 528-c. 460 B.C.- Plan to build up the Athenian navy after tragic defeat of Spartans at Thermopolis Battle of Salamis, 480 B.C. DOES NOT end the Persian Empire - Only ends war with Persia o Leadership of successful alliance against Persia Athens rises to the top because it was their boat and their sailors who beat Persiao The Delian League – league of Greeks in case Persia comes back Athens tends the Treasury of the Delian League - Changes in Athenian democracy – becomes even more democratic both more intense AND weako Solon (594 B.C.) and Cleisthenes (508 B.C.)Demos – the peopleArchon– magistrates Boule– popular assembly o The new prestige of the strategos (“general”)o The lower-class navy and political powerThetes – more of a political voice after defeat of Persia-They believed that they should have more say because they were the sailors on the boats that defeated the PersiansIII. Periclean Athens (461-429 BC)- Pericles, c. 495-429 B.C. – ruler of Athenso Rich man who makes his political career by having the support of the pooro Elected many times over because of the expand of the lower class- Greater power for the thetes in democracyo Any Athenian citizen may propose legislationo Salaries for officials – allows for the poor to afford being a politiciano Reimbursement for attendance at assembly and court – to help even the poor afford it- Building programs and festivalso The Acropolis – the high hill overlooking Athenso The Parthenon, 447-432 B.C. Athena Parthenos– temple celebrating the virgin goddess Athena IV. Depicting Life in the Polis- The invention of theater – pretending to o Tragedy Sophocles (496-406 BC) The Oedipus cycle (Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone)o Comedy Aristophanes (c. 450-388 BC) Lysistrata- History-writing a historiai (“inquiries”) – to write history is to ask questions o Herodotus (c. 484-420 BC) and the Persian Wars o Thucydides (c. 460-401 BC), The Peloponnesian War- Art and architectureo Naturalistic sculpture – what does the human body look like? Glorifying the human There is the ideal, but they knew there were limits V. The Peloponnesian War- Causes of the waro The Athenian Empireo The Delian League Athens was asking for tribute No longer a democracy o Sparta and the “Peloponnesian League”- The Peloponnesian War, 431-404 B.C.o Siege of Athens – fails miserably because Athens has too many storeso Helots– Athens tries to convince Spartan slaves (helots) to rise up, but that fails o Alcibiades, c. 450-404 B.C. – traitor, leaves to side with Sparta Failed attack on Sicily, 415 B.C.Syracuse o Oligarchy in Athens, 411-409 B.C.o Sparta appeals to Persia for naval power, 407 B.C. Persia allies with Sparta and defeats the Athenian navy o Lysander, d. 395 B.C. Destruction of the Athenian navy, 404 B.C.VI. After the Peloponnesian War- Sparta victorious - now everyone looks to Sparta for guidance o Oligarchic government in Athens The “Thirty Tyrants”– democracy has failed in Athens o Persiao Opposition from helotso The allied poleis of Athens, Corinth, Thebes, Argos- Decline of the polis in the fourth century B.C.o Conflict among and within the poleis War between Thebes and Sparta-Epaminondas of Thebes, d. 362 B.C.-Battle of Leuctra, 371 B.C. o Sparta is also humbled o Philosophy (philoi, sophia) – The love of wisdom Plato, c. 427-347 B.C.- Democracy has failed, so then what is the best way for peoples to govern themselves -Republic, c.360
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