HIST 101 1nd Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Lecture I The Hellenistic World Philip II of Macedon r 359 336 B C Alexander the Great 356 323 B C Alexander s Conquests Alexander as Emperor The Hellenistic Kingdoms Alexander invented globalization When do you stop conquering Does Alexander even want to rule Hellenistic world bound together by language and culture Lecture Notes II Phillip II of Macedon r 359 336 BC III Kingdom in northern Greece Decline of the poleis after the Peloponnesian War o Southern Greek city states are tired and poor due to war amongst themselves Philip seizes the throne c 359 B C A professional army o The Macedonian phalanx the Companions cavalry Efficient fighting force Expansion in the north settling frontiers then focuses on the South o Philip s real goal invade the Persian Empire But first has to make sure Greece is back together Athens rejects Philip s overtures 348 B C o Demosthenes 384 322 B C War with Athens 338 B C o Battle of Chaeronea Athens is defeated by Phillip Forced to accept Phillip s rule o League of Corinth league of cities headed by Phillip Alexander the Great 356 323 BC Phillip is murdered and son Alexander takes his place on the throne Aristotle 384 322 B C o Philoi Sophia IV V Love of Wisdom philosophy o The ideal government how should people be ruled Plato c 427 347 B C Republic c 360 B C o Tutors Alexander 343 340 B C Assumed throne of Macedon 336 B C Revolts in Greek cities because Alexander was only 20 too young untested and weak o Thebes Invasion of the Persian Empire 334 B C Darius III r 336 330 B C Persian Emperor Alexander s Conquests Conquests in Anatolia Levant EAST Palestine 333 B C Israel Judah had been conquered by Persia o Assyrian Empire and Israel 722 B C Sargon II r 722 705 B C o Chaldeans and Judah 586 B C Nebuchadnezzar II r 604 562 B C o Persian Empire 538 B C Cyrus the Great r 559 530 B C Egypt 332 B C o Assyrian Empire 671 667 B C Assurbanipal r 669 627 B C o Persian Empire 525 B C Cambyses II r 530 522 B C Mesuti Ra Battle of Gaugamela 331 B C o Northern Iraq Defeats the Persian Army o Death of Darius III after trying to buy him off Darius runs away and is later killed Sacking of Persepolis 330 B C Babylon 330 B C Roxane c 343 310 B C 327 B C o Bactria Northern Afghanistan Invasion of India 326 B C o Soldiers ask When do we stop o Mutiny against him o When and why do you stop Alexander s death in Babylon 323 B C Alexander as Emperor How does conquest differ from governing o Did Alexander even want to govern What kind of government Foundation of new poleis o Most famous is Alexandria in Egypt o Leaves some of his men at the cities A new nobility o Marriage policy men at the cities marry native women so that the local people have some sort of investment o Personal loyalty Succession o to the strongest causes civil war o Divinity and immortality Disintegration of Alexander s empire o Diadochi generals who surrounded Alexander o Death of Alexander IV b 323 B C and Roxane c 310 both murdered during struggle for power VI The Hellenistic Kingdoms Alexander s Empire broken up into successor states Ptolemaic Egypt o Ptolemy I d 284 B C Meryamun Setepenre o Ptolemaic Dynasty 305 B C 30 B C o Alexandria 332 B C Seleucid Asia o Seleucus I d 281 B C Antigonid Macedon and Greece o Antigonus general of Alexander 382 301 B C Antigonus I Cyclops r 306 301 B C o Achaean League and the Aetolian League Hellenization everyone speaks Greek Koine common Greek language