BIOL 244 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 8Lecture 1 (January 14)1. What is the difference between an autocrine and a paracrine?a. Autocrines have local effects, while paracrines have non-local effectsb. Autocrines are hormones, but paracrines are notc. Autocrines effect the cells that produce them, while paracrines effect the cells in the area of which they are producedd. Paracrines are chemical messengers and autocrines are not 2. How do lipid-soluble hormones effect their target cells?a. Through direct actionb. Through indirect actionc. Through binding to a receptor inside the cell d. Bother A and C 3. What controls the release of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)? a. Corticotropin releasing hormoneb. Insulin-like growth factorsc. Thyrotropin releasing hormoned. Follicle-stimulating hormoneFirst Online Class (January 21) 4. What is the major effect that prolactin has in the body?a. It stimulates the production of breast milkb. It prompts ovulationc. It encourages gamete production in the testes and ovariesd. It causes the testes to produce testosterone 5. Which of the following is calcitonin NOT responsible for?a. Inhibiting osteoclastsb. Inhibiting osteoblastsc. Decreasing blood calcium levels d. Preventing calcium levels from rising 6. What triggers the release of parathyroid hormone?a. Decreased blood calcium levels b. Increased blood calcium levelsc. Decreased blood sodium levelsd. Increased blood sodium levels 7. What are the three types of Adrenocortical Hormones?a. Glucagon, calcitonin, insulinb. Cortisone, corticosterone, cortisolc. Mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoidsd. Growth inhibiting hormone, growth stimulating hormone, growth neutralizing hormoneLecture 2 (January 26)8. Which of the following is true of the function of blood?a. It comes to the surface of the skin, causing one to sweatb. It keeps the body cool, but not warmc. The water in blood plasma absorbs heat, preventing the blood from changing temperature and keeping one coold. Both A and C 9. What is plasma primarily composed of?a. Proteinsb. Gasesc. Waste Productsd. Water 10. Which of the following plasma proteins function as shuttle proteins? a. Fibrinogen and gamma globulinb. Albumin and fibrinogenc. Alpha globulin and gamma globulind. Albumin and beta globulin11. What is the main function of erythrocytes?a. Transport gasesb. Immune defensec. Protectiond. Waste disposal12. What allows erythrocytes to slip through small blood vessels?a. Their lack of nucleus and most organellesb. Their ability to be flattenedc. Their shaped. Their flexible membrane 13. How many molecules of oxygen can one hemoglobin molecule bind to?a. 3b. 4c. 6d. 114. Where do all types of blood cells come from?a. Hemocytoblastb. Blood sinusoidsc. Myeloid stem celld. Normoblast15. What type of anemia is Sickle-Cell Anemia?a. Hemolyticb. Aplasticc. Both hemolytic and abnormald. Both hemorrhagic and abnormal16. Which of the following describes hemolytic anemia?a. Bleedingb. The destruction of red bone marrowc. Red blood cells are destroyed before end of life spand. Iron-deficiency17. Which of the following is not an agranulocyte?a. Monocyteb. B cellc. Lymphocyted. Neutrophil18. What is the primary function of eosinophils?a. To reduce the chemicals involved in inflammationb. To phagocytize invading bacteria c. To produce enzymes to break up parasitic worms d. To give rise to macrophages Lecture 3 (January 28)19. What agglutinogens (antigens) are found in someone with AB blood type?a. Bb. A and Bc. Od. A20. What agglutinins (antibodies) are present in someone with AB blood type?a. Anti-Ab. Anti-Bc. Anti-A and Anti-Bd. None 21. What blood type is none as the universal donor?a. Ob. Ac. Bd. AB22. Choose the correct flow of lymph.a. Capillariestrunksductscollecting vesselsb. Capillariescollecting vesselsductstrunksc. Capillariescollecting vesselstrunksductsd. Ductstrunkscollecting vesselscapillaries 23. Complete the following statement: Dendritic cells…a. Are derived from monocytesb. Are the “tattle-tales” of the immune systemc. Make up most lymphatic tissue d. Phagocytize pathogens24. Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymph nodes?a. Filter lymphb. Stimulation lymphocytesc. Rid cells of foreign invaders, bacteria, and parasitesd. Return fluid to circulatory system Online Class 2 (February 2)25. Which of the following is NOT true of the spleen?a. It is located on the right side of the abdominal cavityb. It is the largest lymphoid organc. It plays a role in blood cleansingd. It is the location of immune surveillance 26. Which of the following is true of the adaptive defense system?a. It is both the first and second line of defense against foreign invadersb. It provides quick responses to all foreign substancesc. It includes humoral and cellular immunityd. Its recognition range is very generic 27. What happens during opsonization?a. Complements make it easier for phagocytes to adhere to pathogens by coating themb. A hole forms in the membrane of a pathogenc. Chemotaxis attracts macrophagesd. Proteins interfere with viral replication 28. How do cellular immunity and humoral immunity differ?a. Humoral immunity requires medication to be activated, cellular immunity does notb. Cellular-immunity depends on antibodies, while humoral immunity depends on lymphocytesc. Cellular immunity is also a part of the innate immune systemd. Humoral-immunity depends on antibodies, while cellular immunity depends on lymphocytesLecture 4 (February 4)29. Which takes longer to provide a detectable amount of antibodies in the blood?a. Secondary Immune Responseb. Primary Immune Responsec. The primary and secondary immune responses take an equal amount of timed. Neither the primary nor the secondary immune response provides antibodies30. Which of the following describes naturally acquired, passive humoral immunity? a. Antibodies passing from mother to fetusb. Infectionc. Vaccined. Injection of immune serum 31. Which of the following describes artificially acquired, active humoral immunity? a. Antibodies passing from mother to fetusb. Infectionc. Vaccined. Injection of immune serum 32. How do antibodies destroy antigens?a. By attacking themb. By making it easier for other components of the immune system to destroy themc. Both A and Bd. Neither A nor BLecture 5 (February 9)33. How do Class II MHC proteins function?a. Display endogenous antigensb. Display something from inside the