SOC 3310 1st Edition Lecture 6Outline of Last Lecture I. Theories of interpersonal attraction: Liking another persona. Cognitive approach: Heider’s Balance Theory/Newcomb’s ABX symmetry modelb. Experimental evidence: Aronson & Cope (1968)II. Factors affecting interpersonal attraction: Physical and functional proximityIII. Why is the effect of physical proximity so strong? Three reasons.IV. Factors affecting interpersonal attraction: Positive qualities of the personOutline of Current Lecture I. Problems and difficulties with studying love.II. Comparing love and liking or friendship: How are they different?III. The distinction between love and liking/friendshipIV. Passionate vs. companionate love in romantic relationships.V. Elaine Hatfield’s Two-Factor TheoryVI. Steinburg’s Triachical Theory of LoveVII. Love as an attachment process (Hazan and Shaver (1989))Current LectureI. Problems and difficulties with studying love.a. How do you define love?b. How do you accurately measure love?c. Negative stigma against love research: Some people don’t want to know.II. Comparing love and liking or friendship: How are they different?a. Zick Rubin’s classic studies of love:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Love and liking are different, but love incorporates liking and friendshipii. Love has three parts: caring, attachment, and intimacy.b. Evidence to support Rubin’s love/liking distinction:i. Rating of lovers and friends on the love-liking scale shows that both lovers and friends score high on liking, but only lovers’ score high on love.ii. Eyegazing study: Scores on Rubin’s love scale correlated with the amount of timethe couple spent gazing or looking into each other’s eyes.III. The distinction between love and liking/friendshipa. Davis (1985) obtained same basic findings as Rubin, but did more detailed analusis of the difference between loving and liking. Love and friendship have a number of similarities, but at the same time they have a number of crucial differences that make relationships more rewarding and emotionally charged. b. Friendship has 7 components: enjoyment, acceptance, trust, respect, confiding, understanding, spontaneity.c. Love has all the components of friendship plus passion (fascination, exclusiveness, and sexual desire) and caring (giving the utmost, being an advocate of your spouse).Love and friendship are qualitatively different.Love tends to incorporate the components of friendship or liking.IV. Passionate vs. companionate love in romantic relationships.a. Difference between passionate and companionate love when referring to a romantic partner.i. Passion: tenderness, sexuality, elation, pain, fear, anxiety, relief, jealousy, strong emotion (often short term). Tends to be present early and fade with time.lovetimeii. Companionate: deep affectionate attachment people develop over long periods of time. Tends to take longer to develop and gets stronger with time.lovetimeV. Elaine Hatfield’s Two-Factor Theorya. Based on Schachter and Singer’s two factor theory of emotion.i. Passionate love involves physical arousal and the cognitive labeling of the arousal.b. Experimental evidence to support:i. White et al (1981): aroused male subjects rated an attractive confederate as more attractive than subjects not aroused. (Aroused subjects also rated the unattractive confederate as less attractive than subjects not aroused. So arousal magnified the nature of the attraction positive or negative).ii. Dutton and Aron (1974) aroused males (told they would be shocked) were more attracted to and wanted to kiss an attractive confederate than subjects not aroused. Also remember the bridge experiment.c. Hatfield’s Passionate Love Scale (PLS)i. 30 item rating scale that measures 3 aspects of love: cognitive, emotional, and behavioralii. Correlates with ratings of overall satisfaction with relationship and sexual satisfaction. Shows developmental trends: PLS scores increase earlyon in relationships and no decrease over time.VI. Steinburg’s Triachical Theory of Lovea. Love has 3 basic components:i. Intimacy (basic building block)ii. Passion (emotional component)iii. Decision/commitment (cognitive component)b. See Sternberg’s Taxonomy of Love chartVII. Love as an attachment process (Hazan and Shaver (1989))a. The quality of relationships we have in our early life fetermine the quality of romantic relationships as an adult.b. Early experiences influence our beliefs about love, and how we behave in romantic relationships.c. Measuring infant attachment: The Ainsworth Strange Situation Testi. –Three basic types of infant attachment: Secure 62% (warm, loving, interacting), Anxious 23% (cool and aloof), Anxious ambivalent or resistance 15% (emotionally