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UTC SOC 3310 - Exam 3 Study guide

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SOC 3310 1st EditionExam #3 Study Guide Final LectureLecture 12 (April 16)Book ReviewChapter 10Prejudice- a negative learned attitude toward particular groups of people.Discrimination- a behavior directed toward a group of people based solely on their membership in that group.Kenneth and Mamie Clarke study testing children’s attitudesTypes of prejudiceRacial prejudice-the tendency to hold a hostile attitude toward an individual because of his or her racial background.Gender prejudice- the tendency to hold a hostile attitude toward an individual because of his or her gender.Automatic Processing- “shortcut” thinking that leads to generalizations, like stereotypes.Evidence that prejudice still exist today (hint: hate crime rates)In 2010 there were 932 hate groups operating in the United StatesTypes of Racism-Old-fashioned racism- overt sexism, characterized by the endorsement of traditional gender roles, differential treatment of men and women, and stereotypes about lesser female competenceModern racism- internalized negative feelings toward a group of people based on their gender, characterized by a denial of continued discrimination, antagonism toward women’s demands, and lack of support for policies designed to help women in work and education. Aversive racism- the attitudes of whites who openly endorse egalitarian views but discriminate in ways they’re able to rationalize.Social Categorization- the process of dividing people into categories according to their race, gender, and other common attributesExamples NOT considered a source of stereotypes and prejudiceRelationships with in-group/out-group membersOutgroup homogeneity effect- the tendency to see outgroup members as similar to one anotherbut in group members as diverse individuals.Ingroup favoritism- the natural tendency to favor an ingroup vs. an outgroup.Social Dominance Orientation- seeing one’s own group as naturally superior to other groups.What represents a motivational factor related to the development of prejudice and discrimination?Deprivation does what to prejudice? Increases itSelf-fulfilling prophecies- if you think something will happen negatively or positively, you are more likely to experience what you think you will.Stereotype threat- fear or anxiety held by people in minority groups that they might conform to a negative cultural stereotype.Contact Hypothesis- the belief that increased communication and contact between different racial groups reduces levels of prejudice and discrimination.Chapter 10 – SPDStereotype definition from lecture- an over generalized belief about the personal attributes of an outside groupHow do people think of those in their in group vs. out group?We favor those in our ingroup opposed to our out groupsJust World Hypothesis- The tendency for people to believe that the world is fair and just. Therefore, victims of misfortune deserve what happens to them.Ultimate attribution error- the tendency to explain the behavior of groups in terms of internal dispositional factors, without taking the situational constraints into consideration.What kind of bias occurs when you see something that you expect to see?Self-fulfilling prophecyChapter 7Persuasion- the way people communicate in order to influence other people’s attitudes and behaviors.Central Route Processing – occurs when an individual has the ability and motivation to thoroughly listen to and evaluate a persuasive message.Valence- the degree of attraction or aversion that a person feels toward a specific object, event, or idea.Fear-based appeal- an attempt to provoke fear in the audience in order to persuade them not to do something.Which route are you MORE likely to take when you form an opinion on an issue you care deeply about. The central routeOutcome-relevant involvement - the degree to which the economic or social outcome promoted in the message is important to the receiver.Middle age adults are less likely to what than college-aged adults? Be persuaded.Persuasive messages and their effectiveness for the different genders- No differenceCognition and ability to influence- the more information (cognition) that we have on a subject, the moredifficult it is to influence our opinion against what we believe.Individuals who are high in self-monitoring (hint: most likely to what) have a higher need for cognitionWhen is the best time to ask your parents for money (ANSWER: when they are in a good mood)Cialdini’s Weapons of Influence (know the definitions and examples)- Reciprocity ex. Coupons, help them because they help you.- Commitment and consistency- you have to go to an event if you RSVP- Social proof- “bandwagon effect”- Authority-magazines- Scarcity- “limited time offer”- Liking Defenses (know the definitions and examples)- Forewarning- being informed ahead of time helps avoid pursuasion- Reactance- when individuals feel their freedom is threatened- Inoculation- process of building up resistance to unwanted persuasion, like vaccines.Chapter 7 – PersuasionWhat are the three things needed for persuasion and who came up with them?Ethos-credibility. Pathos-emotional appeal. Logos- logical reasoning. AristotleKnow the different routes of persuasion and be familiar the example shown.Central Route- attending to and evaluating a given message.Peripheral Route- attending to external cues, like the attractiveness of a speaker.What are the alternate terms presented in lecture for the three things need for persuasion? Know the definitions for these as well.The Source- the person who delivers the messageThe Message- content and constructionThe Audience- who is hearing or seeing the messageKnow what makes Mila more Credible than Bill and vice versa Mila is a celebrity so people tend to see her as a source of guidance; also her physical attractiveness is easy to market. Bill has might have more expert knowledge on certain things and can be used as a more effective reviewer of certain events than Mila.The three things discussed that affects the credibility of the source and examples of eachPhysical Attractiveness- sex sellsAuthority- Doctors vs. CelebritiesThe Sleeper Effect- The effect whereby the persuasive impact of a non-credible source increases over time. Flo seen as credible about car insurance.The difference between content and constructionContent- actual words and images used in the message.Construction- how information is placed in a message. Ie. How long, how often, etc.What can be done with


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