BIOM 250 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Feedback InhibitionII. Energy in the CellIII. Oxidation-Reduction ReactionsIV. Oxidative PhosphorylationV. Carbohydrate CatabolismVI. Summary of RespirationOutline of Current Lecture I. Biotechnology and Recombinant DNAII. Restriction EnzymesIII. Polymerase Chain ReactionsIV. PCR ProtocolCurrent LectureI. Biotechnology and Recombinant DNAa. Biotechnology- the use of microorganisms, cells, or cell components to make a product i. Examples- foods, antibiotics, vitamins, enzymesb. Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology- insertion or modification of genes to produce specific proteinsII. Restriction enzymesa. Proteins that can cut specific sequences of DNAb. Cannot digest host DNA because it is protected by methylation of cytosinesi. Methylation- addition of methyl group to cytosinesIII. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)a. Makes multiple copies of a DNA segmentb. Functions in:i. Cloning DNA for recombinationii. Amplifying DNA to detectable levelsiii. Sequencing DNA These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iv. Diagnosing genetic diseasev. Detecting pathogensIV. PCR Process Protocola. Target DNA, 4 nucleotide bases, Taq polymerase, and RNA primers are placed in athermocyclerb. The combination is heated to 94° C, which melts the target DNA to 2 single strandsc. The combination is then cooled to 60° C, which allows the primers to attachd. The combination is then warmed to 72° C and the polymerase copies the target DNAe. The combination is then reheated to 94° C, and the cycle is repeatedf. Copies of target DNA increase exponentially and can make billions of copies from one target
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