BIOM 250n 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture ExamOutline of Current Lecture I. Classes of T cellsII. Antigen-Presenting CellsIII. The Cellular Response Current LectureI. Classes of T cellsa. T helper cells:i. Have T cell receptors on surface that are used to recognize a specific antigen ii. Antigens presented as epitopes by MHC or TLRs on antigen presenting cellsiii. Binding to antigen presenting cell activated T helper cells to release cytokines and proliferateiv. Cytokines also activate antigen presenting cells at this timeb. T cytotoxic cells (CTLs)i. Binding correct epitope activates the T cell to become cytotoxicii. Attack releases perforin that forms hole in membrane and granzymes thatinduce apoptosisiii. Apoptosis: programmed cell deathc. T regulatory cellsi. Subset of T helper cellsii. Suppress T cells that can attack self and combats autoimmunityII. Antigen-Presenting Cellsa. First—take in the antigeni. B cells take in epitopes bound to antibodyii. Macs and dendritic cells phagocytize larger objects, bacteria, viruses, debrisb. Phagocytosis breaks down objects into epitopesi. Epitopes go to cell surface in MCH proteins for displayThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. T cells recognize and bind to MHCi. T cell activated and releases cytokinesii. Cytokines activate antigen presenting cellsIII. The Cellular Responsea. To start the cellular response:i. Antigen presenting cells ingest foreign cells/components1. Digest them to epitopes2. Send epitopes to surface in MHC molecule3. Now other cells with correct receptor can bind to MHCii. T helper cells have T cell receptors for specific epitopes1. Binding to MHC will activate T helper cell and the antigen presenting cell2. Activation means they start to divide and then go looking for B cells3. Find the right B cell, stimulate them to make antibody4. This begins a strong antibody
View Full Document
Unlocking...