Made of glass and ironBy 1860, Britain produces 20% of the world’s goodsIndustrialization of Continental EuropeMimic and borrowCatch-up to BritainHire British techniciansBelgium firstAble to capitalize off their own wealthTalented entrepreneursGovernment involvementStronger governmentsEconomic nationalismAvoid some stepsFriedrich LickLowered tariff taxesLe Creusot Iron WorksFrance’s attempt to join the Industrial RevolutionWeapons manufacturerWorking conditionsEarly factoriesMillsChild laborFamily labor: hourly wagesLater factoriesFactory Act of 1823: number of hours children work is limited plus they’re required to go to elementary schoolSexual division of labor“Separate spheres”Unmarried women predominateMarried working women from poorest families, widows, etc.Low-paying, dead-end workAssessmentContemporary criticism:W. Blake (1757-1827)W. Wordsworth (1770-1830)Children are gifts from God and should not be enslavedLudditesPeople who would smash machinery in mills due to it taking their jobsFriedrich Engels (1820-1895)Writing partner of Karl MarxScholarly AssessmentEarly years in England vs. period after 1840Overall improvement in buying powerStandard of living betterHist 115 1st Edition Lecture 7Last Lecture OutlineNapoleon’s reign of power and expansion throughout EuropeCurrent Lecture:Impact the Industrial Revolution had on Britain and what it was aboutIndustrial Revolution (1780-1850)Eighteenth Century OriginsEmpire: colonies, slave trade, open market in countryAgricultureCanal System: used to transport goods and cargo around Britain, also saferStable market/governmentLarge class of agricultural workersIn development for a long whileIndustrial Revolution“A term first coined in the 1830s to describe the burst of major inventions and economic expansion that took place in certain industries” (McKay 656)The First FactoriesCottonMuch easier than wool, helpful in cottage industryBritain received a lot from the U.S. and EgyptSpinning JennyHelped make textile fabric easierWater FrameHelped make thread quicklyRequired water source and large roomThe Problem with EnergyLaborSlave labor in coloniesChild labor in factories from foundling homesWoodBritain heavily deforested around this timeCoalMines dug to find more coal but a lot of mine shafts floodedHorse pumps usedSteam engine inventedRailroadsThe Rocket (1830)Metal on metal decreases frictionThe Rocket was the first steam engine in BritainPrivate companies built own railroads“Annihilation of Space and Time”Anxiety towards trainsTrain StationsThe Great Exhibition of 1851Britain is going well in regards to economy and public healthBuilt an entire building to show how awesome Britain waso Made of glass and iron- By 1860, Britain produces 20% of the world’s goods- Industrialization of Continental Europe- Mimic and borrowo Catch-up to Britaino Hire British technicians- Belgium firsto Able to capitalize off their own wealth- Talented entrepreneurs - Government involvemento Stronger governmentso Economic nationalismo Avoid some stepso Friedrich Lick Lowered tariff taxes- Le Creusot Iron Works- France’s attempt to join the Industrial Revolution- Weapons manufacturer- Working conditions- Early factorieso Millso Child laboro Family labor: hourly wages- Later factorieso Factory Act of 1823: number of hours children work is limited plus they’re required to go to elementary school- Sexual division of laboro “Separate spheres”o Unmarried women predominateo Married working women from poorest families, widows, etc.o Low-paying, dead-end work- Assessment- Contemporary criticism:o W. Blake (1757-1827)o W. Wordsworth (1770-1830) Children are gifts from God and should not be enslavedo Luddites People who would smash machinery in mills due to it taking their jobso Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) Writing partner of Karl Marx- Scholarly Assessmento Early years in England vs. period after 1840o Overall improvement in buying powero Standard of living