Morphology 2Q: Comment on Jack Handy’s morphological analysis below.What are morphemes?What are morphemes?How many morphemes are in these words?Can every English morpheme stand alone as a word?Some morphemes are “bound”-- they can’t stand alone as a word.How are morphemes classified?How are morphemes classified?Slide 10Slide 11English inflectional morphemesDerivational or inflectional?A nice story…What’s missing?What’s missing now?Practice classifying morphemesSlide 18Try it outSlide 20Morphology 3Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Hierarchical structure of wordsHierarchical structure of wordsPractice with hierarchical structureAllomorphsAllomorphsAllomorphsAllomorphsHow to solve a morphology puzzleHow to solve a morphology puzzleHow to solve a morphology puzzleHow to solve a morphology puzzleHow to solve a morphology puzzleDay 3Q: Give the hierarchical structure of “sustainability.”Word formation process…Word formation process…Word formation process…AffixationCompundingCompunding GERMAN, and Italian!!Blending and clippingReduplicationWord formation process…What word formation process is this?Slide 53What word formation process is this?What word formation process is this?What’s going on here?What 3 types of morphological systems?What type of system is this?Morphology and syntaxLatin morphology & syntaxLatin morphology & syntaxMorphology 2•Morphemes and their classificationsQ: Comment on Jack Handy’s morphological analysis below. Maybe in order to understand mankind, we have to look at the word itself. Mankind. Basically, it's made up of two separate words: mank and ind. What do these words mean? It's a mystery, and that's why so is mankind. -Jack Handy, Deep ThoughtsWhat are morphemes?the smallest linguistic units that carry meaning•tie•wind•post•think•design•retie•rewind•repost•rethink•redesign•tying•winding•posting•thinking•designing• untie• unwind•*unpost•*unthink•*undesign1What are morphemes?the smallest linguistic units that carry meaning•tie•wind•post•think•design•retie•rewind•repost•rethink•redesign•tying•winding•posting•thinking•designing• untie• unwind•*unpost•*unthink•*undesign2How many morphemes are in these words? 1. catalog2. catastrophe3. caterpillar★ Morphemes and syllables are NOT the same thing! 3Can every English morpheme stand alone as a word?1. tie2. post3. re4. un5. ing•Free morphemes are words that can stand alone!4Some morphemes are “bound”-- they can’t stand alone as a word.5How are morphemes classified?morphemesfreeBound (always connected to a rootderivationalderivationalinflectionalinflectional6How are morphemes classified?morphemesfreeboundderivationalderivationalinflectionalinflectional6How do we know if a bound morpheme is derivational or inflectional?•Derivational morphemes: –always change the lexical meaning (content)–sometimes change the lexical category1. Misadventure (N  N)2. Kingdom (N  N)3. Magical (adj  adv)4. Brighten (adj  verb)7How do we know if a bound morpheme is derivational or inflectional?•Inflectional morphemes: –always add grammatical meaning (the function), but don’t change the lexical meaning–never change the lexical category1. adventures2. king’s (possessive)3. flying4. Friendlier (comparative)8English inflectional morphemes9Derivational or inflectional?10A nice story…The unfortunate elephant trainerOnce upon a time, there was a really unfriendly elephant trainer who liked to steal peanuts from the elephants. All of the elephants disliked him, but they weren’t clever enough realize how criminal he was. They never complained to any of the police officers. Elephants aren’t the smartest animals ever. So the elephant trainer just kept on stealing until they eventually stomped him. 11What’s missing?The fortune elephant trainOnce upon a time, there was a real friend elephant train who liked to steal peanuts from the elephants. All of the elephants liked him, but they were clever enough realize how crime he was. They never complained to any of the police offices. Elephants are the smartest animals ever. So the elephant train just kept on stealing until they event stomped him. 12What’s missing now?The unfortunate elephant trainerOnce upon a time, there was a really unfriendly elephant trainer who liked to steal peanut from the elephant. All of the elephant dislike him, but they weren’t clever enough realize how criminal he was. They never complain to any of the police officer. Elephant aren’t the smart animal ever. So the elephant trainer just kept on steal until they eventually stomp him. 13Practice classifying morphemes•enlightening (as in: “you’re enlightening me about…”)•anti-intellectuals (as in: “find the anti-intellectuals”)•unpardonable (as in: “an unpardonable sin”)14List the morphemes in these words & label them as either (a) free, (b) bound-derivational, or (c) bound-inflectional.•sideswiping (v.)•eyesore (n.)•fussy (adj.)•monkey (n.)•purified (v.)•funkiness (n.)•hangers (n.)15Try it out•Describe to your best the morphemes composing these words.•Try to explain the function of each morpheme, and try to classify it.•A.: Nicer, painter, runner, feather•B: Clocks, Nick’s hearts, glass•C: Friendly, sadly, softly, silly•D: Sons, lens, vans,runs•E: Youngster, faster, monster, gangster• F: Wrestling, handling, fling, duckling•G: Nifty, ducky, thrifty, lucky•H: Given, maven, wooden, taken•Check readings for the next timeMorphology 3•The mental lexicon•Parts of speechQ: The English plural morpheme has 3 allomorphs. What are they? For each allomorph, give an example word from the list below.List the morphemes in these words & label them as either (a) free, (b) bound-derivational, or (c) bound-inflectional.•sideswiping (v.)•eyesore (n.)•fussy (adj.)•monkey (n.)•purified (v.)•funkiness (n.)•hangers (n.)15Organization of morphemeshttp://ninapaley.com/mimiandeunice/archives/suffixocation/4783Types of AFFIXES1) Prefixesuntrue, disappear, repaint2) Suffixes profiles, commitment3) Infixes fanfreakintastic4) Circumfixes…Organization of bound morphemesSome morphemes come in an ordered sequence.4•Circumfixes–English does not have them5Some morphemes are discontinuous.Organization of morphemes5The verbs in English are a fright.How can we learn to read and write?Today we speak,