3 STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION1. Glycolysis2. Pyruvate Oxidation and Citric Acid Cycle3. Oxidative PhosphorylationMitochondria: Prokaryotic origin and makes proteins just like bacteria.GLYCOLYSIS1st stage occurs in cytoplasm outside the mitochondria.Converts oxidizes glucose to pyruvate2 key things happenMake ATP directly (Substrate level)Remove electrons and have something that accepts electrons, called NADHGlycolysis is anaerobicNet gain/glucose: 2 Pyruvates + 2ATP + 2NADHPYRUVATE OXIDATIONGet it from the pyruvate on the outside to the citric acid cycle on the insideThis occurs in the matrix of the mitochondriaYou get 2 ATP (Substrate level)Electrons pushed out using two electron receptors NADH and FADH2overall conversion of pyruvate acid to Acetyl CoANet gain: (NAD+ = NADH) and 2Co21 glucose = 2Pyruvic AcidsUsed 2 ATP and made 4 = 2 ATP leftCITRIC ACID CYCLEEvery turn = 3ATP 1NADH and 3FADHNet gain: 2ATP + 6NADH + 2FADH (2turns every cycle)For 2 turns: 4CO2, 2ATP, 6NADH, 2FADH2Substrate phosphorylation = small amounts of ATP (ADP+P=ATP)OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATIONBig amounts of ATP come from the Electron Transport chainAccounts for 90% of the ATP in cellular respirationMitochondria responsible for most of your energyPATHWAY OF ELECTRON TRANSPORTNADH goes into the first cluster, FADH doesn’t enter until the econd cluster, O2 is the last resultMore hydrogen on one side and less on the other creates proton pumpEnzyme: ATP synthaseEnergy that comes from this makes ATP out of ADP (phosphorylation)Bind hydrogen to the oxygen and create waterFor every NADH oxidized you get 2.5 ATPFor every FADH you get about 1.5Every glucose molecule= 30ish ATP (comes from the NADH and FADH)BIO 112 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. Bulk Transport a. Exocytosis b. Endocytosis i. Three types of Endocytosis II. Cellular Respiration a. Energy b. Thermodynamics c. Energy conversion d. Aerobic harvest of food energy Outline of Current Lecture I. 3 Stages of Cellular Respiration a. Glycolysis b. Pyruvate Oxidation and Citric Acid Cycle c. Oxidative PhosphorylationII. Glycolysis III. Pyruvate Oxidation IV. Citric Acid Cycle V. Oxidative PhosphorylationVI. Pathway of Electron Transport Current Lecture 3 STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Glycolysis 2. Pyruvate Oxidation and Citric Acid Cycle 3. Oxidative Phosphorylation- Mitochondria: Prokaryotic origin and makes proteins just like bacteria.  GLYCOLYSIS - 1st stage occurs in cytoplasm outside the mitochondria. - Converts oxidizes glucose to pyruvate - 2 key things happen o Make ATP directly (Substrate level) o Remove electrons and have something that accepts electrons,called NADH - Glycolysis is anaerobic -- Net gain/glucose: 2 Pyruvates + 2ATP + 2NADH  PYRUVATE OXIDATION - Get it from the pyruvate on the outside to the citric acid cycle on the inside- This occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria - You get 2 ATP (Substrate level) - Electrons pushed out using two electron receptors NADH and FADH2- - overall conversion of pyruvate acid to Acetyl CoA - Net gain: (NAD+ = NADH) and 2Co2 - 1 glucose = 2Pyruvic Acids - Used 2 ATP and made 4 = 2 ATP left  CITRIC ACID CYCLE - Every turn = 3ATP 1NADH and 3FADH-- Net gain: 2ATP + 6NADH + 2FADH (2turns every cycle) - For 2 turns: 4CO2, 2ATP, 6NADH, 2FADH2 Substrate phosphorylation = small amounts of ATP (ADP+P=ATP) OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION - Big amounts of ATP come from the Electron Transport chain - Accounts for 90% of the ATP in cellular respiration - Mitochondria responsible for most of your energy  PATHWAY OF ELECTRON TRANSPORT-- NADH goes into the first cluster, FADH doesn’t enter until the econd cluster, O2 is the last result - More hydrogen on one side and less on the other creates proton pump - Enzyme: ATP synthase o Energy that comes from this makes ATP out of ADP (phosphorylation) o Bind hydrogen to the oxygen and create water o For every NADH oxidized you get 2.5 ATP o For every FADH you get about 1.5o Every glucose molecule= 30ish ATP (comes from the NADH and FADH)