FHCE 3300 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 2-8Lecture 2 (January 7)Introduction to HousingWhat are primary and secondary needs? Give examples of each type as they apply to housing.- Primary: Physical in nature and have priorityEx: Plumbing, water, stable roof and structure- Secondary: Largely psychological and socialEx: Backyard, garage, multimedia center, two storiesLecture 3 (January 9) Housing and Human NeedsWhat is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs? How does the original model apply to housing needs? What are deficiency needs? - Theoretical structure that explain human motivation. Supposed 5 levels of needs that humans are trying to satisfy1. Physiological: Food, water, shelter, warmth2. Safety: Security, stability, freedom from fear3. Belonging—love: Friends, family, spouse, lover4. Self-esteem: Achievement, mastery, recognition, respect5. Self-actualization: Pursue inner talent, creativity, fulfillment- Original model applies to housing needs in that everyone has certain needs they’re aiming to fulfill and housing is just one of the outlets where people can look to get them fulfilled- Deficiency needs: Have a high level of awareness and are things you only recognize when you’re lacking them First 4 levels considered deficiency needs: Physiological, safety, belonging/love, self-esteemLecture 4 (January 12)Introduction to Housing Choice ModelWhat are the main elements of the housing choice model?- Household, social class and housing value characteristics influence lifestyle- Lifestyle influences housing norms- Housing norms influence housing choice- Household (Age, type, size, stage in life cycle)- Social class (Determined by income, education and occupation)- Housing values (Internalized standards which materially affect the way a person will react when confronted with a situation permitting more than one decision. Guide consumers inmaking decisions.)- Lifestyle: Individual’s whole way of living. Interests, opinions, activities and attitudes reflect lifestyle. Classified by cultural orientation and generational differences. - Housing norms: Tenure, space, structure, quality, neighborhood/location, expenditure. Tenure, space and structure type essential in determining most Americans’ housing choice today. Quality, neighborhood and expenditures have more varied outcomes depending on lifestyle factors influencing household- Housing choice emerges from combo of all factors What are the four housing value clusters described by Beyer et al.?1. Economy: Families in this cluster emphasize the economic uses of goods and services. They base choices on selling price and what they consider sound business judgment. They are conservative and take only calculated risks. 2. Family: Emphasizes factors that hold the family together and improve family relationships. They are alert to influences that affect family members’ physical and mental well-being. 3. Personal: Families in this cluster take a personal view of their physical and social environment. They are more individualistic and desire independence and self-expression.4. Social prestige: Families in this category are considered upwardly mobile and view housing in terms of its effect on their social standing. Be familiar with the influences and characteristics of the different generations.- Millennials or Echo Boomers (Born 1977+): Most culturally diverse group, as well as those most comfortable with diversity. While growing up, have been influenced by school violence, 9-11 terrorist attacks, and wars that followed. Are confident, computer savvy and get along well with Baby Boomers and Seniors. Opinionated, social. Likely to live in suburbanapartments or downtown lofts that they share with roommates. Buy with parent’s money.- Generation Xers (Born 1965-1976): Practical, pragmatic and value skills over education. Reject workaholic values of Baby Boomers and want a job that also allows “a life”. Participate less in sports; more interested in visual arts. More comfortable with diversity. Comfortable with computers and Internet. Cautious spenders. Independent. May find them living downtown in apartments and condominiums or in townhouses or “starter homes” in suburbs. Influenced by the Challenger explosion, AIDS, computers and single-parent households. - Baby Boomers (Born 1946-1964): Largest of the generations. Influenced by man landing on moon, Vietnam, civil rights movement and Woodstock. TV played key role in helping to widen generation gap between Boomers and Senior parents. Often described as optimistic, rule-breaking, option-driven idealists who look for personal gratification. Workaholics. Because comfortable with debt and enjoy their affluence, have continued to buy newer, bigger and more elegant housing with more features and amenities. Some, because of desire for self-expression, have chosen to move to New Urbanism communities. May also choose this type of housing as they age rather than traditional retirement community because never wants to think they are aging. Buy with credit card. - Seniors (Born before 1946): Can be described as 3 different groups in terms of life influences—Silent Generation (born 1932-1945 and influenced by Sputnik and Mickey Mouse Club); WW2 Generation (born 1917-1931 and influenced by WW2); Depression Era Generation (born before 1917 and impacted by depression). All have similar values. Politically and financially conservative, conforming, patriotic and believe in teamwork, hard work, authority, sacrifice, play by rules, loyal to workplace, dedicated. May live in homes they have lived in for years or may be downsizing to smaller home that’s new or located in retirement location. Save then buy. Lecture 5 (January 14)Housing NormsWhat are the six housing norms? How do they influence housing choice in the US?1. Tenure: Whether family owns or rents2. Space- The amount and type of space desired and needed by a household- Influenced by cultural norms- Types of spaces matter- Important part of housing selection3. Structure: The physical type of the housing we live in- Closely tied to tenure norm in U.S. (ownership)- Predominant structure is the single-family (detached) home - Town homes, condominiums and other multifamily housing gaining in popularity- # of people choosing manufactured homes is also increasing- May be different for single people, households without children4. Quality: Includes accepted standards for structural quality and amenities - Subjective—quality is