FHCE 3300 1nd Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. Housing Choice ModelII. Household A. Stage in the Life CycleB. U.S. HouseholdsC. Young AdultsD. The Gen Y/Millennial InfluenceIII. Social Class IV. Housing ValuesOutline of Current Lecture I. Housing Choice ModelII. Housing NormsA. TenureB. SpaceC. StructureD. QualityE. ExpenditureF. Neighborhood/locationCurrent LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. Housing Choice ModelII. Housing Norms- Housing norms are culturally defined standards for behavior- A society establishes what it considers desirable behavior related to housing- 6 housing norms: Tenure, space, structure type, quality, neighborhood, expendituresA. Tenure- Whether a family owns or rents- The tenure norm in U.S. is ownershipB. Space - The amount and type of space desired and needed by a household- Influenced by cultural norms- Space norms are an important part of housing selection - Types of spaces matter- Homebuyers look for larger kitchens, open multi-purpose areas, additional bedrooms and bathroomsBackground on space normsAPHA – 1950- APHA Committee on Health and Housing Published space standards for families with 1-6 members Sleeping/dressing, food prep, recreation, etc. Prepared as model housing code APHA – 1971 – Minimum Habitable Space - Recommended Housing Maintenance and Occupancy Ordinance - Prepared as model housing code - Housing code = space norms that can be legally enforced HUD – Square feet by rooms - Designed to meet needs of moderate and middle-income families- Minimum size for each room in the house/total square feet- Used for FHA for 30 yearsOther Models- Person-per-room ratio – Used by Census Bureau, crowding- Person-per-bedroom- Normative measures for bedroom need- Household reported needs- Space norms by family type What are the norms in the U.S. for the # of bedrooms and how arethey distributed among family members? Kids don’t sleep in the same room as parents, children of different genders should have own room when older, ideal is for all kids to have own bedroomSleeping Spaces- A bedroom is needed for: The parents or parent Each child 18+ Each pair of same sex children whose ages differ by 4 years or less Each pair of children of any sex, both under age 9, whose ages do not differ by more than 4 years Each additional adult or couple C. Structure- Structure = the physical type of the housing we live in- Closely tied to tenure norm in U.S. (ownership)- Predominant structure is the single-family (detached) home - Town homes, condominiums and other multifamily housing gainingin popularity- # of people choosing manufactured homes is also increasing- May be different for single people, households without children- Tenure and structure norms as a function of space norms?- Home ownership/single family home- Rental/apartmentsD. Quality- Includes accepted standards for structural quality and amenities- Subjective—quality is relative- Linked to social status- Price people willing to payattributes- Quality represents combo of characteristics and importance of those characteristics to household- In 1940s—plumbing, general condition and size were quality attributes- Today, concerns about environmental issues (energy efficiency, healthy homes)- Structural inadequacies still a problem for very low income familiesMeasurement of Housing Quality- Housing quality indexes Morris, Woods and Jacobson—3 dimensions of housingquality: structural quality—durability, service quality—equipment, amenities provided by structure, state of maintenance and caretaking HUD – Housing Quality Standards (HQS) American Housing Survey – inadequacy E. Expenditure- Housing expenses, wealth, lifestyle- Income relative to housing prices- “Rules of thumb”- % of incomeF. Neighborhood/location- 3 aspects of location: Site – Relationship to schools, shopping, work, recreation Physical environment – Density, conditions of surrounding housing, quality of community facilities (schools, libraries, stores) Social environment – Characteristics of people- Safe and attractive areas- Appropriate for household’s social and economic status- May be homogeneous- Many times, neighborhoods defined by wealth and class, separating the very wealthy from very poor- Impact ability to achieve non-housing